Impacts of black codes,Jim Crow Laws and segregation on african Essay

Impacts of black codes,Jim Crow Laws and segregation on african americans in the United States - Essay ExampleRacism was so much deep rooted in an Americans heart that the enactments of anti-slavery laws and the relevant amendments in the US Constitution were merely to redirect a racial mind to find alternatives of white superiority over the Black. Indeed the amended Constitution provided the legal defense to the Black, barring the practice of slavery at the express level as well as, to the extent the state could interfere into the public affairs. But it could do nothing to bring about the changes in the culture and the company that intrinsically nourished the racial hostility against their former slaves. Forced by the Constitution and laws, the Americans, especially the grey States could not but embrace their former slaves, always whispering into their ears, You are a black and you essential feel it (Haws 34). This act of reminding the Black that they were inferior to the White and subjects to the White Grace was being done perfectly by Black Codes, Segregation and the Jim Crow Laws. The separate but equal policy in the due south is emblematic of the Whites failure to assimilate the minor black community into the mainstream of the society. Reconstruction the 13th, 14th and fifteenth Amendments The racial Segregation and the Jim Crow laws, in a single phrase the separate policy of the south was fundamentally the souths reaction to the 13th, 14th and the 15th personalityal Amendments during the Reconstruction in the post civilized War Period. Reconstructions primary goals were to establish the Black rights by withering out slavery and to reintegrate the South with the nation. But the Southerners took it as a Northern insult aggravating the injury of the gracious War. The Reconstruction started with chair Lincolns affirmative actions for a race-blind, equal and reunited America. While Lincoln followed a more moderate course to establish black peoples right and to reunite the South, the nucleotide Republicans opposed it on the ground that Lincoln reconstructive memory plan had freed the slaves without paying much attention to establishing their socio-political, sparing and other rights (Stampp 78). What the North feared the most was that the Government should play a more active role in introducing the people of races to the newly imposed freedom through educational, economic and other sector developments. As a result, by passing the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864 Republican dominated Congress declare that Southern States should be run by military governors and, Secession and Slavery would be outlawed with the consent of the fifty percentage of a states voters. Eventually the Congress also passed the 13th Amendment and established the Freedmens self-assurance in order to provide the formers slaves and black communities with the opportunities of education, employment, medical service, and economic facilities (Carter 67). With the ree lection of the Democrats in 1968, the Oval Office under(a) Johnsons Presidency followed the same path that Lincoln started immediately after the Civil War. But President Johnsons lack of foresight and wholeheartedness severely affected Reconstruction. Eventually, the Congress voted for the 14th Amendment of the US constitution to provide legal safeguard to Black peoples civil right in 1866 and the 15th Amendment to protect the blacks right to vote in 1870. But along the passage of time, the reconstruction zeal began to wane. Indeed the different political scandal, corruption of the reconstructed governments, economic aftermaths, etc aggravated the waning of Reconstruction. The Souths Response to the 13th Amendment Black Codes To the Norths surprise, the South began to impose unofficial and legislative restrictions on the blacks rights. Both theoretically and legally by the 13th Amendment of the

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization for Business Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization for contrast - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that globalization can be defined as the incorporation of case economies into the world market. Integration is achieved through international direct investment, trade migration, cash flow and the advancement and mobilize of technology. Markets, where it is prevalent and specifically widespread, atomic number 18 financial markets such as credit and money markets, insurance markets and large(p) markets. Commodity markets, for example, gold, oil, coffee, and tin. Product markets, for example, consumer electronics and motor vehicle. Globalization in relation to business can be depict as the process allowing investment and financial markets to carry out business internationally mainly as a result of deregulation and better communications. It is evident that the current world is c nod offly networked together. However, it is easy to lose focus just how rapid and systematically globalizati on is occurring and how many business organizations are being run. Drucker state that globalization is not an economic phenomenon but psychological. He noted that all of the advanced western principles and approaches are taken as the norm by many nations. The view took shape for Drucker in 2001 when an old scholar from Taiwan working in China paid him a visit. Drucker asked him what is the most important thing that has happened in China the last three to five years? the former student paused for a while and answered that the Chinese at that time considered purchasing a vehicle is a need not a luxury. The drive situation is same in Russia where business analysts anticipate the country surpassing Germany and becoming the biggest car market in Europe. However, taking advantage of such opportunities need a specific set of expertise. For instance, there is no need in strategizing the activities of the forever more intricate network of world suppliers, extracting profit on every(preno minal) deal.

Ethics at Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics at Work - Research Paper Examplever a enigma arises, one has to look in to the solutions deeply so as to overcome the riddle quickly without causing further damage to the organization. Generally, in times of difficult situations and problems, more people opt to solve the problem as quickly as possible to avoid further losses however it is not a good strategy to solve any problem (GRAHAM, 2013). Many problems bear such nature that if they are not handled properly that with haste, they cause severe damage instead of being solved. So, one necessarily to approach a problem after properly planning for it. The following approach shall be favorite(a) for solving problemsAs a management officer, a person great deal react in many ways. This reaction depends upon the style of leadership he prefers. Some managers are hard at deciding for who were abstruse in any problem. This type of manager is a benefit in case of employees who are neglectful in performing their duties however it may motivate those employees who are broadly loyal to work (Giberson, 2009). also there may be a manager who uses politeness towards those who made the problem to rise. It is advantageous as it motivate employees loyal to work to be more careful in performing duties, but can also motivate those who disregard such behavior of managers and become more and more negligent.The word scoop can be described as the single most advantageous of all the possible things. As discussed earlier, there may be many possible solutions for a given problem. It is very rare that a problem has only one possible way to be solved in. but the best is generally a single one yet this one also is not a hard and solid rule as one solution may be the best from one perspective but the other from another.2. Concern-for-others principles they are the principles where a person imposes decisions with the others in mind. They have no concern for the organization or themselves in these types of principles.In my business, I would prefer to use the Balancing

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Art - Essay workoutThe type of artistic expression that emanates from a certain society also revolves around expressing the culture and companionable life and thinkings that are harbored by a group. Therefore, social and ethnical values and ideas play an influential power in influencing the artistic expression of throng (Boughton & Mason, 1999).The concept of civilization is as old as mankind, scarce it was not until the Greeks that civilization came to be realized. It is impossible to mention civilization without mentioning the Greeks. As ancient as Greeks are, they organize the basis of civilization through developing a culture that defied the odds at that measure. The Greek idea of civilization had its roots on the philosophical thought and a developed culture that not single satisfied the peoples need to adapt to the environment simply also created some time for expansion and spread of civilization. It is important to note that the Greek civilization did not sprout from politics but rather from the cultural values and ideas. It was these cultural values that have had a far reaching and lasting influence in the arts world, which is experienced to date. Religion was a major force that influenced the way people lived and expressed themselves through art. Greek religious elements are still observable in current religions bid Christianity, Islam and Buddhism. Greeks had a host of gods and goddesses, which influenced the type of art that existed during the time. However, religion also attracted another controversial aspect of Greeks cultural values and ideas. Philosophy among the Greeks was highly developed (Woodford, 1982).Greek philosophers like Socrates and Plato developed rational ideas about globe of gods and developed other forms of inquiry. Greeks also developed other forms of rationalistic thinking. Their thoughts are expressed in attainment and

The Effects of Baby Boomers Retiring Will Have on the Economy Research Paper

The Effects of Baby Boomers Retiring Will defend on the Economy - Research Paper ExampleAt each st come on, of its life cycle, the fry pillory generation has changed the market for many products, altered the demand for public services, as surface as the spirit of the labor force. This paper delves into the effects the baby boomers retiring go forth have on the economy of the united States over the next 20 years. Introduction In the worlds history, baby boomers (who represent 28% of any the United States adult population) have been one of the most productive generations. This generation took advantage of subsidize scholarships and school loans from the government, which enabled them to get proper education, which in turn helped them to secure high paying jobs in all sectors of the US economy with tremendous added gains from globalization and newer technologies (Talbott, 2010). Social scientists, analysts, and policymakers have developed a great saki regarding the effects of the privacy of baby boomers on the economy of the US and the nation at large. The year 2005 tag the commencement of the exodus of baby boomers from the labor force. Since then, every seven seconds, a baby boomer attains the retirement age of sixty years, and this process will continue for the next twenty years. These retirements foreshadow a declination of workplace knowledge as well as knowledge-based experience at a time when such(prenominal) experience and knowledge are more and more vital to the economy of the US as well as to the organizations that comprise it (Beazley, Boenich, and Harden, 2002). Estimates by the Employment Policy Foundation indicate that with baby boomers reaching the age of retirement, by the year 2012, businesses will experience a severe shortage of six million employees, and this hail will increase to thirty-five million employees by the year 2030. Slower workforce exploitation implies that at that place will be slower rate of growth of the economy, and consequently, the living standards of everybody in the nation will be lower. Essentially, the baby boom generations retirement threatens to limit the potential of the economy of the United States, reduce the speed limit on how fast it can grow. Economists projects a considerable decline in the growth of the US economy to 2.2% by the year 2015, compared with a typical growth of ab divulge 3.2% during the last cardinal years (The special committee on aging, 2007). According to Gordon (2005), over the next next twenty years, a great number of baby boomers, roughly seventy million baby boomers, some highly skilled, will start leaving the job market of the United States of America gradually, with only forty million employees feeler in. Following this retirement, skill shortages throughout the whole economy will get to critical levels. Woodruff (2011) points out that reports from the Pew Research Center indicate that for the next twenty years, over ten thousand baby boomers will b e retiring daily. This retirement will have a remarkable effect on everybody and on all measures of the United States economic output (Talbott, 2010). For instance, it will lead to a slowdown of almost 0.5% in the growth rate of in the workforce every year from its average 1.6% per annum since 1950-2007. The decline in the growth of the workforce in the United States is an indication that the nations labor supply may be inadequate to sustain the standards of living (Jarvik, 1980). The special committee on aging (2007) reports the fact that the aging and retirement of baby boomers will have potential impacts on the economy of th

Historic Preservations Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historic Preservations - Annotated Bibliography ExampleRecent studies however show that historic preservations do not barricade economic development but instead flush toilet be a powerful economic beam of light through tourism, entertainment and environmental management (Laurie 38). The book summarizes on the positive impacts historic preservations can introduce to the economy and different approaches to enhancing the economy through historic preservations.This book can be a effectual guide to states and nations that view historic preservations as a hindrance to the growth of their economy. The book was issued six eld ago and had recent studies and information on ways to improve the economy through historic preservations. The antecedent has included scholarly publications for reference which can be used for the purpose of more research and former(a) academic deeds. The book is a viable source for this research because it has information in determining if historic preservation affects the economy of the country.Historic preservation and sustainability are the key concepts of this book. The author has put together works of different authors who attended the National Forum on Historic Preservation Practice, which was held in March in the year 2009 (Longstreth 1). The forum aims at making historic preservations sustainable. The author summarizes on how nations and states can involve the friendship and its people in the sustainability of historic sites and heritage. Many nations enacted laws, regulations and policies to preserving the environment and historic sites. The author looks at how setting up schemes like irrigation schemes, urban waterworks and agricultural lands can bring sustainable growth to the nation and what consequences can arise from using alternatives that are thought to bring sustainable result.The author wrote this book five age ago and has discussed on the limitations and benefits of historic preservation laws to the public,

Program capstone IP1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program capstone IP1 - Essay ExamplePlanning as practice of scheme of managements, used by many organizations like Microsoft Corporation, involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It requires decision-making like choosing future courses of action from among alternatives. The plans range from general purposes and objectives to the most detailed arrangements to be taken. No real plan exists until a decision a each(prenominal)egiance of human and material resources needs to be made. In other words, before a decision is made, all that exists is study of planning, analysis, or a proposal there is no real plan.Use of organization as the second theory of management, Microsoft Corporation management team and the whole staff usually works unneurotic to achieve some goal must have duties to take care of. Generally, these roles have to be delimitate and structured by someone who wants to make sure that people contribute in a unique(predicate) way to eff orts of group. Organizing, therefore, is that part of management that involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to fill in a company. knowing in that all tasks necessary to accomplish goals are assigned and assigned to people who can consummate to their best. Indeed, the purpose of an organizational structure is to help in creating an environment for human performance. However, designing an organizational structure is not an easy managerial task because many problems are encountered in making structures fitting situations, unneurotic with both defining the kind of jobs that must be done and finding the people to do them.For wind as the third theory of management, it means influencing of employees so that they will contribute to organization and group goals is widely used in Microsoft Corporation to mention it has to do predominantly with the interpersonal feature of management. Most all important(p) problems to managers arise from people their desires plus defiance, their behavior as groups and individuals. Hence, effective

Comparison of a leader and a manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparison of a drawing card and a motorcoach - Essay ExampleIn addition to that, there is difference in the want level and control between a leader and a manager. According to (Nielson), a leader sets refreshed and unique direction. Therefore, he should be able to justify the changes he suggests and show the validity of his approach. A manager helps in the application of ideas suggested by a leader and is responsible to make sure that the assigned tasks atomic number 18 completed by employees in time. In spite of these differences, a leader and a manager ostensibly share several important responsibilities. Both make heads of a team and coordinate teams to reach a goal. A final similarity between the two is that both exchange information in vagabond to plan and direct. To sum up, leader and manager are much different, and yet alike. Although they differ in umpteen areas such as people out look and motivation, they have several points in common. Furthermore, it can be said that both seek success.

Maintenance of Social Hierarchies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Maintenance of Social Hierarchies - Essay ExampleChanging treat manpowert technologies, immigration of citizenry from other parts of the world, different perceptions of culture and treatment approaches as well as rise in rights and gender of special groups such as lesbians and gays demand that confines must be culturally qualified. This is to be satisfactory to truly c ar for the sick in different communities. Without cultural competency, it is extremely difficult to offer exquisite and equal nursing charge to all. There are two models that were used to describe culture and diversity. They are the theory of culture care potpourri and Universality and Purnell model of nursing. The theory of culture care Diversity and Universality focus on nursing and consequences of health care services. It also put emphasis on culture and care relationship as it focus on individuals. Finally, the theory acknowledges that caring is a customary concept that vary across different cultures. Purne ll model brings communication, bio-cultural, high-risk behaviors, nutrition, workforce issues, pregnancy and childbearing practices, dying rituals, health care practices and health care providers to explain culture more explicitly. The factors that have contributed to health disparities in underserved populations are racial and ethical differences, geographical isolation, privation of consumer involvement in decision making, poverty and lack of trained health care providers. There are a number of Socio-cultural factors that directly influence character health care. The Socio-cultural factors include family roles, bio-cultural ecology, workforce issues, nutrition and spirituality. Family roles involve different roles played by male and young-bearing(prenominal) persons in the society. In some societies, nursing is a preserve for the female and patients may perceive men as incompetent in nursing field. Secondly, bio-cultural ecology is another factor that explains variation in cu ltural and race. A person of a certain race may find it unacceptable for nurses from different races to care him or her. The third factor is workforce issues. Some plurality prefer working as individuals or communicating in certain ways which may conflict with behavior of people from other cultures. after part factor is nutrition. Different communities like or dislike certain foods. Spirituality is another factor. Some people prefer use of black magic or herbs as opposed to modern medicine. The barrier to delivering timber health care includes poor communication, stereotyping, cultural blindness and ethnocentrism. The current perspective is that cultural competence / trans-culture is twain a general practice and specialty area that focus on global cultures. A nurse is culturally competent if he or she posses four cognitive components. A nurse need to be culturally aware, should have a positive attitude towards different cultures, gain cultural knowledge and groom various cultur al skills. The two ways of how health care providers can be culturally competent in organizations is first, through training and second, by getting immersed in the communities in which they

Mexican immigrants undocumented Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Mexican immigrants undocumented - Essay ExampleMost importantly, the social workers should know that immigrants or refugees despite the duration they go out stay in the host country, they are most likely to be faced with a duality of cultures and hence do work with norms and expectations that conflict often. Although refugees and immigrants all impinge onk new residence in a foreign country, their social and economic statuses differ and hence their adoption to the host country may as well as vary. Immigrants go to a host country on their own volition by attractiveness they see in that particular country. Usually they plan their entry carefully and selectively bringing some assets turn relinquishing the assets at substructure (Abdulla, et al., 1997).Whether their reason for migrating is economic or political, they easily adopt since they at least have somewhere to start from. On the other hand, refugees are forced to flee their homelands and seek sanctuary from the host country for various reasons and would probably prefer to return if safety is permitted. Usually they flee home with little or no planning and with few belongings if any and are usually traumatized by the destruction they have witnessed and so it takes time for them to adapt to the new surroundings. With this knowledge, the social workers could know how to handle them and the issues that affects them for efficacious integration.Prior to the World War 11, the Mexicans accounted for less than 10 percent of the Florida immigration, and a quarter of Floridas migrants in the early post war periods. In the 1960s, the Mexican immigrants percentage rose to 40 percent and by 1990s the figure rose to 50 percent of the total migrants in Florida. Prior to the 1970s, about 300,000 Mexican immigrants gained legal permanent residence in the United States yearly with most of them settling in Florida. In the last three decades, the number of legal permanent immigrants from Mexico to Florida has been doubli ng in each decade. This increasingly

John Calvin's doctrine in eucharist Research Paper

John Calvins doctrine in eucharist - seek Paper ExampleThereafter, Calvins works, writings and doctrines would become quite useful and influential in establishing consensus among divers(a) Reformation groups not only in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary and Germany but also across the expanse of Europe and antithetical far off lands.Born on 10 July 1509, John Calvin, a French cleric and stretch of law, was a key figure in the second generation of reformers. He not only published the theological tome, the Institutes of the Christian Religion, in 1536 but also played an influential role in the tuition of the system of Christian theology, which would later be renamed Calvinism.2 Calvin became a leading figure in the Reformed church service in Geneva, which was the presumed headquarters of Reformed Christianity in the latter parts of the 16th century. Together with other elders, Calvin worked with pastors and elders to realize that religious discipline reigned among the Genevan pop ulace. An area for which Calvins theology is widely read and known are his doctrines of (double) fate and the Sacrament.3 Although predestination was not the overriding idea in Calvins works, it later became a key issue, more so for most of his Reformation students andsuccessors.After Zwinglis death on 11 October 1531, Calvin took over the mantle of spiritual lead among the reformers.The doctrine of theLords Supper was surrounded with divergent opinions, contentions, disputes and controversies from the medieval period up to modern times. The Eucharist is viewed differentlyby different cultures and people .4For instance, some people believe thatthe Eucharist is a grace through which sins are forgiven.In the Catholic tradition, the Council of Trent (1545-1563) asserts that, by the consecration of the stops and wine there takes place a change of the whole substance of the bread into the

Human Resource Management Between the Different Levels of Employees Essay

Human Resource Management amid the Different Levels of Employees - Essay ExampleAccording to the stated scenario of Premier technologies, it can be identify that the transcription is witnessing meaningful challenges regarding the continuous drop in the executions of from each(prenominal) one individual. With due consideration to the performance level of the organic law for the past few years, it was identified that the people equity scores started declining after an initial rise. With this concern, certain issues baron persist regarding the placements current position. Therefore, the major reason for declining performances of the employees can be identified by critically analyzing the importance of trenchant piece resource management within the organization (the University of Mumbai, n.d.). The major functions of human resource management can be categorized into two divisions (a) Managerial Functions and (b) Operational Functions. (a) Managerial Functions The managerial fu nctions with regard to an effective human resource management in an organization includes planning, organizing, directing and commandling the overall tasks, objectives as vigorous as employees. The planning function of the human resource department involves identifying appropriate individuals for each task. Therefore, the personnel manager of Premier Technologies needs to take into deliberation certain considerations concerning the tasks after identifying appropriate people(s) in order to prevent future obstacles within the organizational processes... e employees through procurement, development as well as providing compensation to the person which is supposed to be required for achieving the organizations overall objectives. Moreover, maintaining an effective industrial relation with the employees, keeping the performance record of each worker as well as planning and evaluating various activities in order to boost the existing efforts of the manpower (the University of Mumbai, n.d.). Scenario 2 The alignment of the workforce and the communication gap between the managerial hierarchies and operational teams within the organization can be identified as grave factors affecting the performances of the employees. The nine major drivers triggering the communication gap between the different levels of employees argon organizational building, ineffective corporate governance policies, decision making process, lack of leadership and motivational skills, performance appraisal activities, unproductive working environment, ineffective training process, conflict management among the workers as well as controlling individual attitudes and behaviors (McKinnon, 2003). Organizational Structure The organizational structure and design of the major hierarchies within the organization can be considered as one of the major elements in order to achieve a significant growth. Structuring an effective design of the organizational structure is a vital role that involves ability, s kills, and experience to handle each individual and performance of their roles within the organization. Therefore, the organizational structure for Premier technologies should involve a tall structure in order to raise the performance as well as command greater control on the employees (McKinnon, 2003).

The Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The Federal allow - Essay ExampleAs compared to the affair, the self employed or an enterpriser in general, have to set up some amount, which is said chapiter, and it is the fate of the self employed that it may succeed or fail, whereas in the employment there is no risk for the assignment, as there is no investment required, all the employee has just to do is to fulfill the job requirement and to locomote a an earning at fixed rate. The amount to be invested in business has risk, as above mentioned, but the business has too much attraction, because it has good returns, and if comparable by the employment, the investor may receive m any(prenominal) multiples of the salary in a single period. A return on money received from the business, that is the profit in general determines the business efficiency. But the question is that, is it necessary to invest money into a fraternity and purchasing the shares? Cant it be invested in the bank to get the interest income on that? This q uestion has been evaluated in the context of the given topic, and will help in as definite the criticalness of various securities in the financial markets. Ordinary shares Ordinary shares are the main source of capital for any public company, the other sources of capital is the debt etc. Ordinary shares provide the money that the shareholders pay to the company and in return receive the dividend, and the rate of dividend depends on the performance of the company. The well-worn market is the market of bodily securities, but the corporations may go away stock it is the stock that provides initial capital for a company and the control liability is the key factor in the corporate sector (J Richard, 1998). A company with healthy wampum will probably go for good dividend yield, whereas the company suffering from loss may not issue dividends to the shareholders. It should be kept into consideration that the company will only share the profit, and the shareholders are not hypothetic t o compensate on the behalf of the loss of the company. How it generates the economic wealth A soul may have en economic role in terms of economics, he may be dependant or independent, he may be a surplus unit or deficit unit. A deficit unit is anyone who has more money than he spends, and hence he freighter utilize the money to get more money. This money can be given to those who are deficit unit, or those who may need it, which is the bleed of stock exchanges and the credit unions. So those who have more money can spend their money into the stock markets and can receive the return on it. This rate of return depends on the performance of the company. When a person receive an income from the shares, that is called the dividend, the person has more to spend, which can be given to deficit units at a certain rate of return, and the deficit unit may start his/her own economic activity, that may be any businesses, but without this extra money given by surplus unit to the deficit unit with purchasing shares or purchasing government securities to the deficit unit, helps the deficit unit to pass some threshold, for the entrepreneur it may be the heavy capital required to start a business, or the government which wish the people savings in their reserves which is going to be discussed later. Since the more economic activity can be generated by this security, economy can developed and the employment rate may increase, and the more the flock of economic activity, the more the taxes are accumulated, which in turn provide good infrastructure to the general

International Business Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Management - Assignment exerciseThe third measure used in managing international exchange risks is by use of foreign hope accounts and loan. Under this method, surplus currency is deposited in a foreign currency account (Mazin, 2007). Moreover, businesses may dramatize foreign currency to ingest purchases. b) In a company that is trading in a demesne where the currency is weakening compared to its strengthening currency, the ultimate solution is to use the foreign currency option (Mazin, 2007). The foreign currency option ensures that the charge of the goods is set at a premium and this helps to protect importer from fluctuations in price and allows the importer to take advantage of strengthening in local currency (Mazin, 2007). Q2. a) When an enterprise intends to hit foreign expansion, it is vituperative for it to make three critical decisions. One of the major decisions that the business should make is of which markets it will enter and when to make the incoming (Godfrey, prick and Verzi, 2007). A company should first identify the industry in which it will insure and the products or services it will be offering. The second decision that organization make when looking to achieve international expansion is on the scale of their admittance (Godfrey, bastard and Verzi, 2007). ... b) Decision on the mode of unveiling into a foreign market has great impact on the success of international entry and the summation of resources required in achieving foreign expansion. There are four mechanisms that are used as modes of entry to a foreign market (Godfrey, Jack and Verzi, 2007). Exporting is the first mode of entry where products manufactured in one country are marketed and sold in another country. Exporting eliminates the need to set up facilities in the foreign country and therefore the costs associated with exporting are those on marketing (Godfrey, Jack and Verzi, 2007). To effectively the export business, a firm must coordinat e with importer, government and the transporter. The second mode of entry is licensing where a firm in the foreign country gains rights to use properties of the licensor (Godfrey, Jack and Verzi, 2007). Property takes the form of patents, trademarks and fruit methods. The firm that gains these rights pays a fee to the licensor for the technical assistance and other property rights given. The licensor firm makes little coronation and this ensures that is high return on investment. Firms seeking foreign expansion may also rely on joint ventures. The objective of pursuing a joint venture include enhancing market entry, sharing of mesh and losses, sharing of technology, allowing businesses a chance to conform to government requirements and to benefit from shared product development (Godfrey, Jack and Verzi, 2007). The fourth mode of entry in foreign expansion is foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI refers to self-command of resources in the foreign country. Resources transferred to a foreign country include technology, personnel and capital. FDI may be achieved via establishing refreshing firm in a

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Poes Black Cat, Poes TellTale Heart Term Paper

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, Poes calamitous Cat, Poes TellTale face - Term Paper ExampleBy and large, the three unreliable bank clerks fairly attempt the distinction, if non the confusion, between truth and illusion and it is the task of the readers to uncover the tale and not the bank clerk. What the main takeoff rocket calls the devil, Victor Frankensteins monster thoroughly tells his creator the invention about the things and events that occurred to him. Unlike the two unreliable fabricators in Poes stories, Frankensteins devil does not intend to persuade his listener that he is not mad. At the deeper level, however, Frankensteins monster subtly attempts to convince his creator that he is also a military man being capable of reasoning and comprehending the things around him. On the other hand, the unreliable narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart tries to convince his audience, through speech, that he is not mad or crazy. Said narrator argues to his audience -- as if they are there and hearing his argument -- that he is not mad for several reasons. First, he is mentally healthy because his sense of hearing is acute (Poe 110). Second, his way of telling the story is done in a calmly manner. And third, he is not mad because, as the unreliable narrator contents, he performed the work with aid and foresight. In The Black Cat, the unreliable narrator presents the wild yet homely annals without any scene from his readers to believe what he will say. Like the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart, the unreliable narrator here makes a defense for himself that he is not mad Yet, mad am I not (Poe 58). But antonymous The Tell-Tale-Heart narrator, the unreliable narrator in The Black Cat provides no reasons as to why he is not mad. His primary purpose, though, of writing down the story is to place before the world a series of unstained household events (Poe 58). Frankensteins monster as a narrator is unreliable primarily because of the vividness of his narrative th e apparent paradox here is that the monster is created by a scientist and, at a brief cross of time, able to speak and think in an intelligent and mature way. As a modern-day reader, it appears contradictory to hear or read Frankensteins monster speaks clearly and rationally. In The Tell Tale Heart, the narrator is unreliable for the reason that his argument is unsound. When he said that his sense of hearing is acute or sharp, the narrator refers to this acuteness as the ability to hear many things in hell (Poe 110). Moreover, his contention that he narrates the story in a calm manner is strongly contradictory to his last statement ... here, here--It is the overcome of his hideous heart (Poe 113). The narrator in The Black Cat is unreliable when one reads his line My very(prenominal) senses reject their own evidence (Poe 58). As the story unfolds, the unreliable senses of the narrator become much apparent. In the last episode, for instance, the narrator tries to find the black ca t -- whom he calls as the beast -- in an exertion to put it to death (Poe 63). After murdering his wife, the narrator fails to find the where-about of the black cat. Finally, when the wall crumbles down where his wife is laid, the monster ... is within the tomb after all (Poe 64). The purpose of the unreliable narrator in the story is to stick out the readers to think for a moment about the reality or truthfulness of the narrative. Lawrence said to trust the tale, not the teller (qtd. in Pacheco and Meyers 71). This implies that the

Was Andrew Jackson Democratic Essay Example for Free

Was Andrew capital of Mississippi Democratic EssayThroughout time changes have been made to our hoidenishs administration in hopes of improving it, and reducing the flaws it has. Andrew capital of Mississippi made changes to our country in hopes of increasing its chances of senior status however his methods in doing so are to this day very controversial. While Andrew Jackson was cognise as the peoples president his methods for improving America were quite ambiguous, and the concept of Jacksonian democracy is exceedingly criticized. Andrew Jackson made contributions to our country while holding office however his tactics were anything but participatory. developing up on the frontier Andrew Jackson was the first president to not grow up wealthy, subsequently in his life it proved to be useful in trying to appeal to voters, which proved to be successful.Yet in the race for presidency, even though he had won the votes, he did not advance the choice John Quincy Adams, with the help of Jacksons enemy Henry Clay, became president. In the next election to come Andrew Jackson had proved to be more successful, in acquiring the role of the president, both Jackson, and his partner Martin Van Buren, created a political organization, in what is now known as the democratic party. All seemed well, and politic onlyy Andrew Jackson had not made a mis place yet, However although he was known as a man of the people, Jackson believed in and promoted slavery. Jackson owned a plantation named The Hermitage. The Hermitage was a huge self-sufficing plantation that raised cotton and relied on the labor of African American men, women, and children. On his plantation on that point was rigorous labor that his slaves preformed daily. Due to the hard work of Jacksons slaves, he continued to profit, and allowed him to have more land, thus he bought more men women and children to work his land, and help continue prosperity the Jackson family.Moreover, Andrew Jackson was skil led in military tactics however he used his knowledge to take millions of acres of land from Native Americans. In 1814 he commanded the U.S. military forces that defeated a faction of the creek nation. In their defeat, the Creeks lost 22 million acres of land in southern Georgia and fundamental Alabama. As president, he continued to try and acquire more Indian land for white settlers who treasured to grow cotton, much like him. In 1830 Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which allowed the government to move the Indians out of cotton rich land, and into Indianreservations out west. This travel took a toll on many of the tribes, and the journey the Indians took came to be known as the Trail of Tears. In addition, there was the sovereign Court case of Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, where the domineering Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee Nation.This ruling of the Supreme Court did not stop Jackson and his followers from driving the Cherokees off of their land, which people viewed unconstitional from Jacksons part. Furthermore, Jackson was also known for many injustices while holding office, and criticized for expanding the power of the presidency. He was also known for rewarding his political supporters with government jobs. When it was brought up to his attention, he responded by claiming he was replacing aristocrats with the common man.Jackson stated To the victor go the spoils, and thus created the spoils system in government. Lastly, Jackson was portrayed as a sort of tyrant by his enemies, they even named him King Andrew the First, this was due to Jackson having the most vetoes out of all the presidents that came before him. With so many vetoes on Jacksons part sometimes it seemed difficult to invite anything done. His denial of a bill to re-charter a Second Bank of the United States was a significant issuance in Jacksons term.To conclude, While Andrew Jackson did have a few positive outcomes for our country while he was president, it doesnt ensure th at he was completely democratic. In fact, his actions were quite opposite of democratic views. He did not respect Native Americans or African Americans. He used His military scope to assist in the removal of Indians from their land, so that white Americans can raise cotton, while the Indians were moved westward so that they would not make obstacles for white colonists who wanted to expand. And he contributed in the creation of the spoils system. Andrew Jackson did modulate the two-party system, he was not completely democratic.Work CitedJacksonian democracy and modern America USHistory.org 06 Nov 2014 http//www.ushistory.org/us/23f.aspSlavery at the Hermitage Thehermitage.com 06 Nov 2014 http//www.thehermitage.com/mansion-grounds/farm/slaveryTrail of Tears History.com 06 Nov 2014 http//www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tearsJacksonian Democracy History.com 06 Nov 2014 http//www.history.com/topics/jacksonian-democracy

Jay Gatsby- The Legend Essay Example for Free

Jay Gatsby- The Legend EssayIt is not enough to make progress we must make it in the right direction. How important is it to apply this saying our lives? Well, is very important. What is that makes us human beings and not animals? Is it where we come from and what we develop or self-control of our wants and needs? To what extent are we ready to go to gain author that we no longer remember who we are Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby will be able to make out these questions to us. Jay Gatsby, a year or two over thirty, was a mysterious persona. He lived in westernmost Egg, Long Island and was greatly known in the locality for his lavish parties that housed both the invited as well as the uninvited. With extravagant cuisine, rich fresh fruits from New York, Vladimir Tost murders Jazz and his Rolls Royce moving to and fro picking up guests, Jay Gatsby threw whacking parties. He used the phrase old sport very often while addressing everybody.His pickin g of terminology with care exclusively showed some fishiness regarding his identity. By calling himself an Oxford Educated and wealthy person without any family, he camouflaged his true identity and was a liar. Jay Gatsby, was truly James Gatz a nobody from North Dakota whose parents were abortive farm people. Gatsbys humiliation of being poor and a man without any class increase his hunger for power and he didnt care how he got it. Contemporary legends such as the opposition pipe-line to Canada. attached themselves to him, and there was one persistent story that he didnt live in a house at all, but in a boat that looked like a house and was locomote secretly up and down the Long Island shore (Fitzgerald) only establishes the fact that his business was unethical and notorious. He was a bootlegger and had various links to people like Wolfsheim. His current attitude and outlook that showed off his wealth and dignity was certainly not inherited as he worked as a janitor and was a d rop out from St. Olafs college in Minnesota.Unhappy about his poverty and class, he invented just the relegate of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end. (Fitzgerald) His belief that money and power could accomplish anything and change the past, only portrays his blatant attitude that led to conceal his true identity and he thus showed off his wealth through his parties despite that fact that it mostly invited fake people. Madly in cognize with Daisy, a beautiful woman who was married to the Tom Buchanan, Gatsby hoped to win her back and thus unploughed throwing those wonderfully big parties.His world and life revolved around the dream of winning back his love Daisy. Gatsby buys his West Egg mansion with the sole intention of being across the bay from Daisy Buchanans green lighthearted at the end of her dock, a fantasy which becomes Gatsbys personal version of the American Dream (Novel Analysis). Hav ing his emotions bottled up for Daisy for so many years, it became a burning passion in his heart, made him very obsessive. He used magnificence and wealth to lure her back to him.His love for Daisy had blinded him to the fact that she had left him for a man with steady position, wealth and prosperity which was another reason in his life to become rich. He idolized her and he felt married to her and wanted her back at any cost even though she killed Myrtle-Toms lover while driving Gatsbys car. Having lived the life the way he want and working towards achieving his death and dream, Jay Gatsby is that legend with whom we can relate ourselves. We all have wants and desires. But his desire for Daisy only led to his downfall. mistaken by his belief and seeking vengeance for Myrtles murder, Myrtles husband George killed Gatsby in his own pool thinking that it was Gatsby who murdered his Myrtle which in reality was Daisy A funeral with only fewer friends and his father Henry Gatz and n one of the fake people who attended his parties, nor Daisy for whom he was killed, Jay Gatsbys life only portrays that it is not money that maketh man, it is his values and ideals. It is not what we want, but why we want something and a constant wait on the direction we are going makes us who we are

Becoming A Teacher Essay Example for Free

Becoming A teacher EssayWatching these paintings, I wise to(p) that teachers dont always have it promiscuous and its not always what it see to its like, I know that it take a long time for the students to break down comfortable with a new teacher and the teacher has to adjust to the new setting of the classroom. It takes a striking deal of time so teachers can get their classroom to the way they want it.In the number one of all video classroom Management Strategy to Settle Noisy, Rowdy scholarly persons at the Door I learned that the teacher should not yell or shout at the students to get their aid because the student go away not respect the teacher or have respect for the class and the other teachers around pass on see that the teacher does not have take in over the classroom and that would make the teacher look bad. But on the other hand when the students are outside of the classroom thats where the teacher should belong to take control or when the classroom mana gement starts and show that they are the authoritive leader in charge.Teacher has to settle the students down gradually, use non-confrontational statements, such as thanking students for doing the right thing, hoping that the others will follow along, use inner chit chat, or getting comfortable with talking to the students, getting down to the students level. In the second video How to Get Students Sat Down and Ready to Work, teachers need to give students a clear culture on what needs to be done so there is no room for misunderstanding. Second, let the first group from, to the front of the line and reinforcing actions that needs to be taking.Third, teachers need to repeat the clear instruction that was given. And the concluding step is to give attention and additional support to what direction was given. In the third video, Take control of a noisy class, teachers need skills to deal will students, making sure that the teachers has the students attention and keeping it. Establi shing a calm atmosphere, and staying positive. In the final video which is Five Classroom Management Strategies to Get Student Attention, there was five ways of getting the students attention that was stated.Those five strategies if attention getting include a noise maker, routine, visual reminder, the unexpected, and a countdown. Using a noise maker is loud and it gets their attention without having to shout. A routine is very affective and training the students to learn. A visual reminder is a or else simple attention getting, using traffic light colors (green, yellow, and red). The unexpected is a guaranteed attention getter such as using music or pictures and gives students the perfect way to get attention. The last one is countdown which is the most common attention getter.

Underlying Causes of Power Struggle in Marriage as Gleaned from Literature Essay Example for Free

Underlying Causes of Power Struggle in Marriage as Gleaned from Literature EssayIn the movie, Sylvia, talented poet and writer Sylvia Plath drives her husband intot he arms of a nonher wo homo. Fed up with her recur circumvent bouts of jealousy and insecurity, and the ensuing rounds of argu workforcets and quarrels, he breaks free to preserve his sanity. Her world crumbles and she eventually commits suicide. A closer look points to everywheret flaws not just from the fe potent scarce from the male, moreso from society around which their world revolves. The deportment story of the known Sylvia Plath, highlighted by her tumultuous relationship with husband and fellow poet Ted Hughes, provides a clear-cut illustration of marital office staff struggle. Elisabeth Bronfen , a specialist in 19th and 20th century literature and a professor of side and American Studies, noted that the culprit in the tragic conflict between Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes was her unbroken dependence on her perfect mate (which) lets her fall prey to jealousy, envy, anger, humiliation and burning l championliness when her trust in him is called into fountainhead (Bronfen 46).Indeed, nothing perhaps can agitate or vex a man more than a cleaning ladys constant nagging, mistrust, and fault- go backing, specially when has not done anything yet to deserve it. To aggravate the situation, and as visualized in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls stick out, society dictates that a man must be the dominant single in a marriage. The uneasiness of most men that arises when this is not followed is often what leads to encounters (blatant outward sign of the indicator struggle) and worse, the eventual collapse of the partnership and, in Sylvias case, the finish off tragic consequence death. The personnel struggle between husband and married adult feminine, or other similar copulate of mortals in a relationship has, since time immemorial, existed not just in movies and books but in documentary-lif e desexualizetings. A power struggle in marriage emerges somewhat like art imitating life and vice versa. On the part of female partners, one must consider that there ar other factors that account for the sweep web of emotions and personalities that women assume and drive them to follow in a power struggle with their mates. Women have been portrayed countless times in literature as being compassionate or easily taken advantage of, but able to put up (or attempt to) put up a fight when pushed too far. In some instances, belonging to a clique has likewise been depicted in clean literature as a threat to a couples union. When constant interaction from the male or females side breeds contempt, jealousy and rivalry, it tends to destroy a couples relationship, as illustrated in Jane Austens sequel to Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy Presents his Bride written by Helen Halstead. In the latters book, Elizabeth bennets prestigious clique posed a threat to her new marriage to Fitzwillia m Darcy. Society doubtless maneuvers a study part in heightening the power struggle between man and woman in a marital bind. Antoinette Stafford in The Feminist Critique of Hegel on Women and the Family cited 18th century head Mary Wollstonecrafts argument, If women are in fact often frivolous, swayed by emotion and lacking in the manly virtues of moral courage and disinterestedness, then this is not their natural character. Rather, it arises solely because of rearingal practices and social expectations which hold them from perfecting their latent rational capacities.In The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, James J. Delaney referred to Jean-Jacques Rousseaus treatise on education pertaining to Women, Marriage, and FamilyHers is not as focused on theoretical matters, as mens minds are more suitable to that type of thinking. Rousseaus view on the nature of the relationship between men and women is rooted in the notion that men are stronger and therefore more independent. They depend on women only because they desire them. By contrast, women both need and desire men. Sophie is educated in such a way that she will get hold of what Rousseau takes to be her natural role as a wife. She is to be submissive to Emile.Reacting to J.J. Rosseaus abovementioned treatise, which also envisions an education for the boy that will foster an independent mind and spirit, autonomy and self-sufficiency, while his female counterpart is to be educated to please the male companion-to-be and in the process fulfill her womanly potential, Wollstonecraft argued that ..a separate standard of faithfulness for woman undermines the universality of rational freedom.This rational freedom is at the core of the existentialist theory that is also among the larger causes of the power struggle occurring in a marriage. As Simone de Beauvoir expressed, It is the individual who bears responsibility for the world It is the individuals responsibility to create meaning through her choices (Andrew 26). Existentialism, in essence, pertains to ideas of choice, meaning and the limits of existence. It is up to from each one individual to use his freedom to choose his actions and interactions in the world (Andrew 25), even if it is bound to instigate a power struggle at some point in a relationship. If someone opts to subjugate or be subjugated, often it arises from that persons free will.In The Feminist Critique of Hegel on Women and the Family, Stafford cited how Simone de Beauvoir and subsequent thinkers set forthLives circumscribed by domesticity and child-rearing are not fully human and women who accept the socially constructed tenet in a pre-given female nature, and hence in a determinate female destiny, are accomplices in their own enslavement. The only means beyond this self-imposed oppression is actively to seek a reverting of roles, accepting and identifying oneself with the male model of transcendenceIn many parts of Asia and elsewhere in the world, one will see suc h reversal of roles widely practiced, both in literary pages and in real life. The trusty Woman of Setzuan by Bertolt Brecht encapsulates such reversal of roles. The heroine, Shen Te, strives hard to love a good life in brutal pre-Communist China.She disguises herself as a man and finds her compassionate persona transformed into a violent, mulish character which allows her to cope better with the world around her. Indeed, assuming the males strong, stern and predatory characteristics often whole caboodle in the male-dominated society. When women rise to the challenge of being co-equals with their mates over and on crystallise of their preordained role as nurturer of family values, in some cases overshadowing their male counterparts, the power struggle is ignited.Many great works of literature have shown how women either succumbed or fought their way out of enslavement by the male species. Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House is a much studied work that gives light to how a woman achieve s self-liberation by leaving the confines of the home.The online study guide by SparkNotes A Dolls House, Themes, Motifs Symbols draw attention to how the instability of appearances within the main characters household at the plays end results from the main male characters obsession with status and image.Most mens preoccupation with status and image, including having a trophy wife by their side, may be commonplace, but feminists have not let this vision of male superiority go by without much lamentation. Emily Friedman, in an article posted in ABCNews.com on July 13, 2007, departed from stereotypes and provided a positive connotation to the phrase, trophy wife when she quoted author Anne magnateston (who wrote The Meaning of Wife) The idea of the trophy wife has progressed so that men indispensability a woman who has some social equality, and its not a dominant-submissive relationship Increasingly, its not simply the ornament that a truly accomplished man wants, but an equal.Non etheless, the Hegelian belief that nature has assigned woman to the family may still be embraced by certain societies in the contemporary era, but the woman we find now has certainly metamorphosed to am multi-tasking and active participant in community affairs and national life. What unthreatening quarters caution, though, is the possibility that societys basic institution the family may tend to be overlook when both husband and wife assume a place in civil society and doggedly pursue their careers and personal aspirations. Herein lies another major issue of debate between husband and wife, especially when they fail to compromise.The Feminist Critique on Women and Family by Stafford also noted how women vary in their cognizance of what is oppressive and what is not. While serving as housewife may be denigrating and limiting (in foothold of personal freedom) for some, it may be regarded as a chosen instrument for creative self-expression in others. infidelity , whether imagined or actual, and argued by most as being part of the inherent nature of men, is another major source of friction between husband and wife. Whether infidelity, though, arises from protracted oppression from, or a form of argument by, the husband, or the wife herself, is open to debate. During the Elizabethan Age, a wifes fidelity was regarded more as an obligation foisted by society and circumstances. In The Literary Encyclopedia, classical literary critic and lecturer Ros King noted how William Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew reasserts male dominance. Another online site, Academic Forum, Sherri Thornes article, Shakespeare press for Women in The Taming of the Shrew noted how it was Shakespeares intention to show that family and society have contributed to the circumstances that make the female character, Katherina, the shrew she is. Her male counterpart in the story, Petruchio, recognizes that Katherinas shrewish behavior is a societal response.Shakespeare uses Petruchio to shew his definition of the proper relationship between a husband and his wife At their first meeting, Petruchio and Katherina engage in an energetic and emotionally charged verbal exchange. Katherina strikes Petruchio when her verbal attacks are ineffective. Generally, Katherinas words are effective artillery to keep her adversaries sufficiently subdued Petruchio gains control of the situation, keeping their sparring verbal kind of than letting it escalate into physical violence (Thorne 59)This exemplifies the genteel demeanor observed by most during the Elizabethan age.In the Comprehensive Online Educational Resource, Anne Parten noted the significance of another Shakespearean work, Merchant of Venice, citing the a ring as symbolism for mans potential for fidelity, and the lead female character, Portia, is shown to have superiority over all the male characters.Whatever the underlying causes pointed out by perceptive literary minds as instigators of the power struggle occurring in marri ages or relationships, men and women will continue to be at odds with each other on matters ranging from trivial and absurd to highly complex, simply because that is just how differently they are wired. In the words of Robert Louis Stevenson, Marriage is like life in this that it is a field of battle and not a bed of roses.Works CitedAndrew, Barbara S. Beavoirs Place in Philosophical Thought. The Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir. Ed. Claudia Card. New York Cambridge University Press, 2003. 25-26.Bhatia, Praveen. Macbeth. New Delhi UBS Publishers Distributors Pvt. Ltd., 2007.Brecht, Bertolt. Good Woman of Setzuan. England Penguin Books Ltd., 2007.Bronfen, Elisabeth. Trophy Wife Just Hot or Smart Sexy? Sylvia Plath. 2nd ed. UK athenaeum Press Ltd., 2004.Friedman, Emily. 13 July 2007. ABCNews.com. 28 January 2008 http//www.abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=3372209page=1.Halstead, Helen. Mr. Darcy Presents His Bride. California Ulysses Press, 2007.Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House and O ther Plays. Penguin Group (USA) Inc.,1973.King, Ros. The Taming of the Shrew. The Literary Encyclopedia. 2 November 2004. Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London. 28 January 2008 http//www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=trueUID=7887.Parton, Anne. Comprehensive Online Educational Resource. eNotes.com, Inc. 28 January 2008. http//www.enotes.com/merchant/portia.Shakespeare, William. Merchant of Venice. New York Penguin Books Ltd., 1994.Shakespeare, William. Taming of the Shrew. New York Penguin Books Ltd., 1995.Stafford, Antoinette. The Feminist Critique of Hegel on Women and the Family. 25 January 2008 http//www. mun.ca/animus/1997vol2/staford1.htm.Thorne, Sherri. Shakespeare Advocate for Women in The Taming of the Shrew 2003-04. Academic Forum. 28 Jan 2008

The Gift of Magi Essay Example for Free

The Gift of Magi EssayCountry Lovers Alyssa Helm English 125 instructor David Makhanlall November 7, 2011 Themes The Gift of Magi It is always great to read stories where the author is sufficient to show love between both(prenominal) characters. The Gift of Magi was a great example of this. This legend showed how a couples love was so strong between the two, that they were up to(p) to give up their unsloped about prize possessions for unmatchable another. The Gift of Magi allows the reviewer to be able to relate to this love story with a heartwarming theme of love vs. sensible things.As a reader reading this story there were a lot of themes or meanings that this story has. A theme it is not a statement about a dominant impression or mood it is not a moral or proposition it is not the attitude of the writer. Theme is more complex than any of these elements of fiction it cant be defined in a single intelligence information (Clugston, R. W. (2010). The most important wo uld be showing the limits a person would go for someone that they love, even if it nub giving up the most important thing to them. Della, with only $1. 7, wanted to make sure that she was able to provide her husband with what she felt would be the best Christmas gift. Della considered her long, brown cop as one of her most prized possessions. But, when it came down to her hair or perishting her husband Jim a Christmas gift she did not think twice about cutting it. The twenty dollars that the woman offered her at the hair shop seemed to be just overflowing for her to be able to purchase the perfect gift. There were many literary elements that contributed to the theme of this story.The first one would be symbols. There are two main symbols that are represented in this story. This would be Dellas long brown hair and her husband Jims gold watch. . Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majestys jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every snip he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy(Clugston, R. W. (2010).These two things are focused on the most in this story. The end result in this story has a twist on it. Della and Jim both bought things to compliment each others prized possessions. The focus was mainly put on Dellas hair however at the end of the story it reveals how her husband Jim had sold his watch so that he was able to purchase the hair barrettes that she couldnt use now because she cut her hair. Della didnt know what reaction she would get from her husband, she even went home to style her now short hair so that it maybe her husband would read her drastic cut.The couple did this only to find out at the end of the story that they both got disembarrass of what was most important so they could buy each other a gift for the holi days. The second literary element that would contribute to this them would be the point of view. This story was told in third person. This nub that the story contained a narrator. Its important to remember that the narrator, whether a character inside the story or one looking on from outside the action, is a voice invented by the author for the purposes of the story. Clugston, R. W. (2010). I feel akin with this story it helps pitch the mood and was able to allow the reader to sympathize with the couple. I say this because the narrator is able to attain in full detail the feelings of each character. We are able to see things that we would not if the character had been recounting the story. The narrator is able to provide us with full detail about each facial expression, or feeling that is told.Although this couple was only trying to make sure they each had something for Christmas, I feel like if they had communication they would have been able to avoid losing items that meant t he most to them. I totally understand how much it means to be able to buy your loved one something on a holiday, but its not always about materialistic things as you have each other. Reference Page 1) Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into Literature.

Justice, Crime and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Justice, Crime and ethical motive EssayJustice is mainly concerned with the appropriate governing of persons and things within the cab bet. Thus when one is aggrieved by another person, he or she is supposed to seek justness to be administered on the person who has violated the rights of the other. Thus the person whose rights are violated is not supposed to amaze law on his hands and punish the person who has violated his rights but is supposed to seek jurist from competent bodies in the land which have the mandate of administering justice. This is very important to the society as it enables the members of the society to live in harmony and to have standard means by which they can seek healthy redress (McCarthy, McCarthy, 2001). Crime can be regarded as actions that lead to the violation of the castigate rules and regulations which have been set by the government. A crime can also arise as a result of a persons behavior deviating from the prevailing norms as set by cultu ral standards which stipulate the behavior in which the behavior of human being ought to be.When a crime is committed to a person in respect to personal or private rights a civil crime is give tongue to to have taken place whereas when the nature of the crime is that which violates public law then a criminal offence is said to have taken place. For the society to live in an orderly style there is need for innovation of laws that govern the conduct of its members so that no member of the society has his rights violated and in case they are violated then there should be competent means by which they are addressed (McCarthy, McCarthy, 2001). larn moreJustice Denied is Justice DelayedEthics basically refers to a situation where one feels on a lower floor duty to behave morally, in so doing a person avoids acting in a manner that is likely to cause harm to other people within the society. Actions which are ethically motivated results into a situation where majority of the society members are affected by such decisions in positive way. Ethics addresses the determination of moral values, how it is possible to attain the desired moral outcomes, how moral agency or cogency develops in certain situations and the kind of moral values that members of the society should abide by (McCarthy, McCarthy, 2001).The criminal justice process is a procedure through which the person who is responsible for violating the laws of the land is actually sued in order to determine whether the alleged person actually committed the offence as claimed by the plaintiff. This is usually through with(p) in a apostrophize of law where the defendant is given a chance to defend himself. The court then determines whether the defendant is guilty or not before passing its judgment (McCarthy, McCarthy, 2001).

Apply a Marxist Essay Example for Free

Apply a Marxist EssayIf was released in 1968 by theatre director Lindsay Anderson. It is a film from a Marxist perspective based on a privileged boys embarkation school in the 1960s, and the rebellion against the traditional functionalist placement enforced there. Lindsay Anderson was a Marxist born in India in April 1923 whose father was a Scottish army officer. Educated at Cheltenham College, he announced there his intention to rebel and spent the rest of his life carrying out this aim. The film If reflects this as it shows a aggroup of boys known as the Crusaders form a rebellion against not only the strict regime of the school, tho society itself. The film is structured into episodes under different headings to describe the different areas of interest such as college, term time, ritual and romance, discipline and resistance. Andersons film shows Marxist, Functionalist and Feminist perspectives throughout and their ideals in correspondence to the issues included. The s chool system is strict and teaches the boys to conform to the norms and values of a capitalist society. They tell the boys to help the house and the house lead help you which fosters the boys to obey the rules.6th form students who line all the rules are made into whips who are indeed able to set and enforce rules which can also allow them to punish those who do not follow the system. The system does not allow individuality or creativity and privileges are given to those who conform. The school has assemblies, which socialise the students into the same norms and values, and imposes discipline. The army within the school system shows a form of social control and chest of drawers and the boys are expected to involve themselves in reconstructions of war situations in order for them to train.This coincides with the element of team games which encourage competition. The Catholic faith is present within the school although the priest is corrupt and is shown to abuse the boys sexuall y in lessons, their confessions are also hypocritical as a student confesses to having sexual thoughts and is told that he is sinful to do so. The functionalist perspective is shown largely in the system as the elite pupils dominate everything and also that education is shown to organise beliefs and moral values and is a major mechanism for role allocation. The students are taught to cooperate with those who are neither their kin nor their friends.

Interest groups Essay Example for Free

Interest groups EssayMore than any other group circumscribed absorb groups hold an massive amount of sway in the American political system. What is interesting here is the point that most of the worldly concern looks upon special interest groups with disdain. There are a number of reasons for this moreover in the beginning the reasons can be defined special interests must be defined. An interest group is an organized sect that seeks to sway political influence that is favorable to them. For example, many corporations pressure politicians to ease immigration laws because they earn enormous volumes of money by using labor that is chiefly inexpensive. When it comes to the effect that special interest groups have on democratic pluralism, the effect is generally negative. The reason for this is that special interest groups undermine the democratic process and this frustrates the public to a significant degree. Probably the most significant area that voters express frustration i n is the imprint that special interest groups are favored by politicians more than the popular leave of the American people.That is, if a special interest group promotes an item or an agenda that is opposed by the vast volume of the America people, politicians will still give significant attention to the special interest groups and then will side with the special interest groups against the will of the people. This creates a significant amount of anger and discontent on the part of the voters because it leads to a situation where the representative form of government is no longer acting in a manner that would be deemed representative.In other words, the elected officials no longer promote the interests of the public, but rather promote the interests of front groups, elitists and corporatists. Sadly, this assessment while somewhat oversimplified is very close to hi-fi. One of the reasons that special interest groups have such influence is because an enormous amount of money is required to run a successful election and special interest groups bring with them a great deal of money.While this may seem like a cynical assessment of the veritable political landscape it is also an accurate one. It would be next to impossible for someone such as James capital of Wisconsin to support the current situation where special interest groups yield significant sway in the government arena. While Madison did understand that political factions were inevitable and also not inherently bad, his belief system (like most of the framers) was generally influenced by John Locke and Lockes belief in the Social entreat.Within the framework of the Social Contract it is explicitly stated that the government is supposed to protect the inalienable rights of the individual. When the goals of special interests are placed to a higher place the needs and benefit of the American people, then the entire notion of the Social Contract is undermined. As such, it would be difficult to believe that Madison would support the current landscape of special interest groups that dominate American politics. Granted, while there is much discontent in the United States regarding special interest groups these groups will never go away.These groups are well funded and their money is welcomed by politicians. As such, interest groups will remain on the political landscape forever and ever. Literally.Bibliography Madison, J. , Hamilton, A. , and Jay, J. (Date Unknown)THE FEDERALIST PAPERS. Retrieved 4 September 2007 from http//patriotpost. us/fedpapers/fedpapers. html Scheikart, Larry. A PATRIOTS HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York Penguin, 2007. Zinn, Howard. A PEOPLES HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. New York harpers, 2007.

How Technology is changing our online life Essay Example for Free

How technology is changing our online life EssayIt is hard to imagine life without email nowadays. The only efficient inwardness of communication, with efficient meaning that the message is delivered within seconds, is either with the cellular ph maven or through email via the internet. It is even more impossible to imagine how people could work under circumstances that denied them advance to the latest communication technologies or even technology at all.Yet somehow, there was unfeignedly a time when people where not at the beck and call of their cellular phones and a time when nobody really felt the urge to keep checking the mailbox every five minutes for fear of missing an email. thither was a time when people actually drove to the store or entered a store and talked with the attendants sooner buying something. Ordering shoes and bags or early(a) electronic items was done by vent to a shop and not by going online and surfing online as it is done today.Friends and lov ers were met and made by going to social functions and parties instead of by checking out somebodys myspace profile or advertising on online personals. While those practices argon still being done by certain individuals, the growth of the internet and the big array of services that it offers have dramatically altered the manner by which people interact with one another and as well the manner by which individuals lead their daily lives. The convenience and accessibility that the internet offers reach outs it an saint replacement for all the previous time and energy consuming endeavors.With the number of people who are committed to the internet growing everyday, it is but a natural consequence that more and more services are being offered online ranging from dating, shopping, research and entertainment. In understanding how this new put up online lifestyle has changed our lives, it is important to understand the lures that are online that make it such a tempting alternative to doi ng this the time consuming and energy expending tasks. The internet provides everything online. Everything a person stomach desire or want is available online.Romance can be found through chatting or through online personals while intrigue can also be found on popular blog spots. Food is readily available for order online and so are clothes and other items. In short, there is nothing that cannot be found online and all a person needs to do is point and click. This is the lure of the online life and this is the reason why more and more people are tip the online life. It is convenient. It is time saving. It does not require one to expend a lot of energy. In certain cases, it also allows a person to work more efficiently and become more productive.From the standpoint of privacy, the internet offers virtual(prenominal) anonymity to anybody who goes online. All of this is offered online thanks to the great improvements in electronic and communications technology. As the developments in the electronics and communications technology continues to improve and advance, it will no longer be far off to imagine a military man where nobody is walking the streets and everyone is hooked up to their computers interacting with each other in a world where they can be their own gods and dictate their own destinies without even breaking a sweat.Instead of however seeing an image of another person online, it may actually be possible to experience the thaumaturge of feeling and touching that person. This all may just be future talk but one thing is certain. Todays society has become so dependent on the benefits that technology has brought in making online life possible that we have come to a point of no return where we can no longer imagine life without it. If you think otherwise, turn off your cellular phone and unhook the jack of your computer and see how long you can survive without it.

Massive Tourism Essay Example for Free

Massive holidaymakerry actIn this globalized world the stress caused by the workload and the problems that occur everyday in our social environment, consecrate a direct effect on the health of the person, who tries to find a way to release the tension. This is wherefore many doctors recommend recreation in the underframe of travel to avoid harm to our health. Nowadays circleism has a key part in the lives of every person, except mostly business people. They use it as a way to connect with their children and at the same time, recover their lost energy. These believe has spread any over the world and now Massive Tourism has become an important issue in the organisation plans and the Tourism Industry. Massive Tourism happens when large masses of tourist arrive to visit a place. start Agencies offer tour packages to groups of people to overprotect lower airfargons, room rates, etc. Massive Tourism has a direct effect on the economy of the rural, by increasing the income s and providing more work. just now many countries arnt prep bed to receive large groups of people, which causes damage to the culture, infrastructure and also to the environment.Advantages of Massive TourismFor People Tour Operators and Travel Agencies offer Tour Packages to tourist around the world, to visit and enjoy an some other countries culture without the fill to plan all the activities, transport or accommodations by themselves and by traveling in large groups they get lower costs. This is why the number of tourist has increased, because nowadays it is easier to travel, not to mention cheaper. What most people call for to it for in a start out is to leave all worries and problems behind, and just enjoy and relax for a unflinching amount of time in another city or country and away form their ordinary lives.Tour operators can offer lower costs because by making these tour packages they an agreement with the hotel, airlines, museums, etc, who be part of the package. T hese companies offer the operators a lesser cost, in exchange of promotion, which they get with this tour packages. Both the companies and the tourist benefit from this packages. Also because you travel with a group that will share the same activities and affaires it is probable to form relationships and friendships with wise people. For Governments Large groups of people arrive everyday to a country, and they expend money by realizing respective(a) activities during their stay.For example food, museums, discos, shopping, transport). This is why the country benefits from monolithic touristry because it has a positive effect on the economy of the country by increasing the incomes. The Tourism Industry is ever growing, which results in more job openings and increases the interest of studying tourism related careers to improve the service given in their country and also to rush a bigger involvement to incentive the tourist activities and at the same time, protect the natural patri mony. In addition, long tourism boosts other kinds of tourism, such s eco tourism which increases investments to create new recreational, and tourist areas. some other advantage of massive tourism is that it improves the relationship between countries. Disadvantages One disadvantage is the rapidly spread of the diseases because of massive tourism. Most people who travels likes to go to a completely different place. For example, they want to visit exotic places. But they do not know the real consequence of their adventure. Sometimes, they are taken by the emotion of the trip and they dont inform well about the places they are going.One case overlyk place in China. There was a new virus, very contagiously, which spread fast due to the tourists who travel around the world. That way, virus could reach cities like Frankfurt, Toronto etc. As we can see massive tourism helps diseases to expand. Besides humans, animals are also affected by new diseases brought by tourists of other countr ies. Another important effect of massive tourism is the one on the culture. Now we are living in a globalize world. This path that many aspects are the same in different countries.When many tourists arrive in a country like ours, the people of the host country start to behave like them. Little by small(a) they start changing their image. The impact caused by tourist is strong in some places. For example in our jungle many amazon tribes have lost their traditions. Now they make presentation of typical dances of their tribes simply for tourists. Once the tourists leave their tribe, these people start to behave as if they were from the cities. Their naturalness is lost. Same case happens in the highlands.Language is also affected by massive tourism. Nowadays most people understand position. In one way this is very practical for tourists however on the other hand English absorbs the other languages. The attraction of a country, in some cases, is based on the language. If one person wants to go to France in order to learn French, he will find that most people like to speak English or Spanish. The language is part of the culture in a country and it shouldnt be change. When you see scarce tourists in one place, you will realize that the lifestyle s affected too. Being border by tourists changes the way you act. This case is presented everyday in Ibiza. This international place has very few Spanish inhabitants. For this little population, life has acquired a different face. Their neighbors are no longer Spanish people but tourists. The way you treat tourists is not the same as you treat people from your country. That is why the lifestyle changes in places like Ibiza that receive massive tourism. One of the biggest effects of massive tourism is on the environment.Massive tourism can imply more incomes but is also means more people to attend and too much garbage. Too many people in one place can cause a mess. In fact the more disturbed is the people of the host c ountry. The infrastructure suffers and is damaged because it can not stand multitudes. To illustrate this point Macchupichu is a good example. Recent investigation has revealed that Macchupichu and the whole city of Cuzco are suffering the consequences of the disorganized coming of tourists, especially in the high season.Conclusion Nowadays people are looking for ways to canalize their energy and just for a couple of days, get away from their problems, and lose new cultures and new people. As we have seen massive tourism is an alternative for people that has tight schedules and no time for recreation or just stop to breathe. This is why massive tourism does not only benefit individuals but also the whole society and encourages the population to take interest in the tourism industry and the protection of their culture.Nevertheless Massive Tourism also has a negative aspect for the countries if it is not treated as it should. An organize tourism brings benefits for sides, tourists an d countries. Sometimes the solution isnt in the quantity but in the quality of the services and the experience. In Perus case, this negative impact has taken a toll on the infrastructure in some important cities like Cuzco. This is way the authorities have started to develop new plans to organize these cities to receive an organized tourism without damaging the city.

The Contemporary Context of Educational Change Essay Example for Free

The Contemporary Context of Educational Change testIf in that location ever was a time in which naturalizes could operate in isolation, that time has grand since vanished. in that location argon now many actors and players who would like their say in shaping what is taught, to whom, and how, and who want to take a lead on the education stage. Some will vex greater authenticity than others, but none will be capable to lead on their accept. The leadership tapestry is multifaceted, rich and ever changing. leadership is more than a utilization-based function assigned to, or attained by one person in an organization who uses his or her power to influence the actions of others. It extends beyond the instantaneous check community, embracing those numerous actors on the wider leadership stagegovernments, trade unions, schooltime districts and businessesrecognizing the diverse roles which they play. Orton, J. and Weick, K. E. (1990)description of educational organizations as l oosely coupled systems is a third image of the university that still captures the frustrations of deans and college and university presidents who ofttimes describe managing convert in higher education as herding cats.School leadership is a way of influencing others through communication. Yet it took half a century out front researchers stopped up looking at the traits of leaders and began to think concerning the leadership situation itself. Since then a lot of work has been done on how people become leaders as well as how they cease best influence pursual, how they can develop teacher and student morale, and how they can better the per familyances of supply members as well as the children they serve. A recent survey of the research agreed on these points1. leading is not domination or compulsion of others but the encouragement of efforts to achieve communal goals and 2. Leadership promotes deepen but it can also oppose change when it feels itself susceptible (G. Egan, 1990, p p. 48-49). The appraisal of leadership as a network of relationships amongst people, structures and cultures, both within, and across organizational boundaries has been re-affirmed. The numerous actors are drawn together in point of the education reform agenda an agenda that has focused to a great extent on schools.Increasingly, governments of divergent persuasions have shared the belief that the macro-problems of the state and society can be addressed through up(p) the micro-efficiency of the school. As a consequence, schools have been assigned the task of righting a range of social and economic illsa role which numerous would argue is beyond the capability of schools to achieve. Rising national expectations about schools have been accompanied by reduced teacher autonomy and increasing demands for higher performanceof teachers, as well as of pupils (MacBeath, Moos and Riley 1996, 223-50).One of the fundamental areas of agreement in the midst of researchers who have investigat ed educational change concerns the powerful impact of power point teachers on processes related to school effectiveness and school improvement. Research identifies consistently that those schools which have demonstrated the content to improve themselves, tend to be led by send teachers who have made a evidentiary contribution to the effectiveness of their module. Whatever else is disputed about this complex area of activity known as school improvement, the centrality of leadership in the achievement of school level change remains unequivocal (West capital of Mississippi 2001).This should not surprise usit is now more than twenty years since leadership was identified as one of the key components of good schools by Her Majestys Inspectorate of Schools in England. HMI stated that without exception, the most key single factor in the success of these schools is the quality of the leadership of the head (DES 197736). In particular, the local worry of schools has firmnessed in the head teacher becoming a manager of systems and budgets as well as a leader of colleagues.In addition, the increasingly competitive environment in which schools operate has placed a lots greater emphasis upon the bespeak to raise standards and to improve school outcomes. One of the major growth areas of the burgeoning counseling development field has been head teacher training. While much of this training has been narrowly focused and competence driven, it has nonetheless, reinforced the centrality of the heads role in leading school development and improvement. This broadening of evoke in, and understanding of, the heads leadership role parallels the pattern of development of leadership theory chiefly.In the UK the adoption of local concern of schools has come from a belief in the relationship between decentralisation and enhanced school effectiveness. In particular, the shift towards the self-management of schools has been premised upon the assumption that management decisi ons are more likely to be effective if they are located within the institution. This emphasis upon self-management has been welcomed by many head teachers, primarily because of the calamity it offers for increased control over policies and resources and expanded scope for leadership.Management is therefore developing as a significant challenge to improve organizations and has become a key concern of many (De Long Seeman 200033) What starts as freedom to move around budget items and resources, to alter and to develop parvenue priorities, inevitably brings with it pertly staff management issues. Indeed, it may well be that it is not the technical skills of financial or resource management that we have to assimilate, but the rather more complex inter in the flesh(predicate) skills needed to create support for new priorities amongst the staff group.There are also evaluating acts, which measure staff decisions or accomplishments against organizational goals and standards. And finall y, there is the diagnostic function, which seeks to point out sources of difficulties, problems that need to be resolved, and the steps that need to be taken to resolve them. (Robert G. Owens, 2004, pp. 176-182). It is here, in the implementation of interpersonal skills in times of difficulty, as well as times of growth, that the leadership identity operator of the head teacher will be tested.It may be that the current prominence within head teacher training focuses too much on the technical competencies of management, and not enough on the personal and interpersonal qualities that are expected to be needed as schools take increased accountability for amend themselves. Similarly, this focus on the relationship between leaders and work groups and the ways in which the leader can extend and harness the relationship has been replicated in the development of leadership theory usuallyit is not a school issue as such.It has been widely argued that complex and dynamic changes, such as t he cultural changes that are required for sustained school improvement, are less likely to emit as a result of transactional leadership (Burns 1978, Caldwell 1999). A model of leadership more similar with the requirement of cultural change is that of transformational leadership. This set about of leadership focuses on the people involved and their relationships, and needs an approach that seeks to change feelings, attitudes and beliefs.Transformational leaders not barely manage structure, but they resolutely seek to impact upon the culture of the school so as to change it. It has been argued that cultural transformation and all the related complexities that surround school-based change are at the core of school improvement. Consequently, both supposedly and conceptually, transformational leadership would emerge to be consistent with a desire to bring concerning school improvement, rather than just change the school.Of course, while the centrality of leadership in this school impr ovement process is unquestionable, there is a matter over who the leaders are in the interest of improvement efforts. There is a rising research literature that points towards the importance of leadership at all levels within the organization. For instance, the leadership role of what might be termed middle managers has been recognized as important, for example, in explaining differential school effectiveness (Sammons et al. 1996 Harris et al. 1995).Likewise, there are increasing calls for and recognition of a leadership role for teachers in the context of their own areas of lay accountability. Yet there is some research evidence that suggests that there is an ever-growing segregate between leaders and followers as a consequence of the changes arising from the self-governance of schools (Wallace and Hall 1994). The strong managerially culture obvious in some schools has skanky the separateness of the senior management team and has claimed leadership as an activity for the few, rat her than the many.Schools committed to straight improvement found that such schools feel constrained by this formulation of leadership as a function of hierarchy and are moving beyond it. Instead, these schools enlarge both leadership and followership as generally based functions within the culture of the school. Hopkins et al. 1994 noted that a school that looks to the head teacher as the restore source of direction and inspiration is relentlessly constrained in its development capacity.Yet school structures often support this rather limited view, imposing a hierarchy of roles over the real sharing of association and skills. Most often linked with school improvement. In practice, this means that head teachers bedevil others real business office and assist them to extend to be able to use this authority prudently. This means giving up the idea of structure as control, and viewing structure as the vehicle for authorizing others. But it is not easy to give up control.Even when go als are agreed, it is not all the time easy to trust others to use their own knowledge and skills to take change about. Yet trust is critical to support the leadership climate. The transformational approach is detached in trust Trust is the essential link between leaders and led, vital to peoples job, status functions and loyalty, vital to fellowship. It is doubly important when organizations are reaching rapid improvement, which requires exceptional effort and competence, and doubly so again in organizations like schools that offer few motivators. (Evans 1998183)Labaree (1997) described the educational goals of democratic comparability and social mobility as conflicting because they represent competing visions of education and the structure of education. He defined democratic compare as an ideological tradition that sees schools as an expression of democratic political ideals and as a instrument for preparing children to play constructive roles in democratic society (p. 43). A s he explained further, the pursuit of equal access, whereby everyone should have an equal opportunity to acquire an education at any educational level (p.46), is one form of this goal. This goal has made attending a postsecondary education institution a norm, rather than an exception, for high school graduates. The result, Labaree argued, has been tremendous public funding support designed to open up all levels of education to everyone. institutional ramifications include the proliferation of programs and courses, the search for ways to improve pedagogical efficiency, the concern about enhancing administrative control, and the stress on fiscal parsimony (p.46). In contrast, Labaree (1997) defined the social mobility goal as providing students with the educational credentials they need in order to get ahead in the existing socioeconomic structure (p. 50). He saw this as an individual goal, rather than a collective goal, like democratic equality, because social mobility emphasizes in dividual status accomplishment rather than the production of human capital (p. 51, emphasis in the original).He saw the tension between equal access and social mobility as providing an unlimited possibility for education attainment (p. 69) so long as there is a pyramid-shaped occupational structure (p. 69). Social equity arguments for postsecondary education attainment deepen the goals of access and of mobility, despite their apparent conflict. Labaree (1997) acknowledged that these two goals are expressed in the market for educational credentials (p. 71).Within school improvement it is often proposed that cultural transform (which supports new teacher collaborations, new teaching as well as learning processes that, in turn, lead to enhanced outcomes for students) desires to be a central focus of leadership studies. The types of school cultures most helpful of school improvement efforts appear to be those that are mutual, have high expectations for both students and staff, that sh ow a consensus on values, that hold a practiced environment and those which persuade all teachers to presume leadership roles suitable to their experience (Hallinger and Leithwood, 1996).In summary, the role of leadership in school improvement is to take about cultural change by altering the processes which occur within the structure and not inevitably to affect the structure itself.Work CitedBurns, J M, 1978, Leadership, New York, harpist and Row Caldwell, B J, 1999, Reinventing School Leadership for Lasting Reform in the Third Millennium. In The emotional state and Work of Teachers in Changing Times International Perspectives, Day, C, Fernandez, T, Hague, T Moller, J (eds), London, Falmer Press De Long, D. and Seemann, P. (2000). Confronting conceptual astonishment