How Ronald Reagan’s Ended Cold War Essay

How Ronald Reagan’s Ended the Cold War with the Soviet Union â€Å"I’ve always recognized that ultimately there’s got to be a settlement, a solution. † —Ronald Reagan, December 23, 1981 President Ronald Reagan initially had a hard-lined foreign policy with the Soviet Union. At the beginning of his administration, he focused on massive reduction of arms, confirmation of agreements between the U. S. and the Soviet Union, series of negotiations regarding arms control specifically to the employment of arms of the Soviets outside their territory and reciprocity (Matlock, 2004, â€Å"Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War ended†). However, these policies have not been effective in promoting changes in the Soviet Union. Soviet leaders were not intimidated by Reagan’s rigid approach that led the Soviets to continue with their communist ways. By 1985, Reagan started to change the direction of his policy. He opted to soften his methods by facilitating negotiations on arms negotiation, preventing the use of Euromissiles, â€Å"compromising strategic nuclear weapons† and complying with the restrictions of the SALT II treaty (Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military build-up really lead to victory in the Cold War?†). Because of this, the American public felt that there was a brewing nuclear war between the U. S. and the Soviet Union that resulted to numerous mass protests. The public stir influenced Reagan to make an announcement proposing for conciliatory efforts with the Soviet Union to assure the public that there will be no war. Then, Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev forged an alliance in â€Å"implementing disarmament and peace†(Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military build-up really lead to victory in the Cold War? †). Reagan’s continuous efforts amid many hurdles, strategic alliance with Soviet leaders and American political transparency have pushed both countries to stop global domination through arms that put an end to the Cold War (Wittner, 2004, â€Å"Did Reagan’s military build-up really lead to victory in the Cold War? †). References Matlock, J. (2004). Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War ended. Random House Publishing. Wittner, L. S. (2004). Did Reagan’s military build-up really lead to victory in the Cold War?. History News Network. Retrieved March 29, 2008 from http://hnn. us/articles/2732. html

Course Project Part

While the initial investment in materials and equipment is steep, the output of this system rapidly accelerates to full potential and sots very little to maintain on an annual basis. The versatility of this system allows for the simultaneous production of a variety of sought after vegetables at reasonable cost and can reproduced In nearly any area of the united States. Project Description This project Is designed to develop a reproducible and self-sustaining aquaplanes system based on $100,000 Initial investor Input.A functioning model will be created to prove the viability of a self contained and symbiotic relationship that combines hydroponics vegetable production with aquaculture production. Hydroponics is the arming of vegetables using only water and loose fill media instead of soil. Aquaculture is the farming of fish in a controlled and sustainable environment. Putting these two systems together provides a source of nutrient rich water for growing plants and a natural filtration system, rich with oxygen, for growing fish.The combined system will be operated and monitored over a five year period to determine the total cost of production for a variety of leafy green vegetables as well as the price per pound of fish created over the same time period. The greatest price actor of getting food to local markets Is the fuel cost from the production location, through one or more levels of storage and packaging and lastly the trip to each point of sale. The system we propose to build would remove the fuel and transportation costs of a variety of vegetables that could easily be grown local to the market in which they are ultimately sold.Each certified organic occupations production facility could support the growth of several varieties of vegetables on a year round basis. This would allow local markets and restaurants the opportunity to provide locally grown organic produce and fish at reduced prices. Creating a system that is both self- sustaining and profitable is the key in the development of a solution that can be marketed. After the initial startup of a location, minimal financial input must be maintained while keeping the operational costs as low as possible to create a viable business model.

Arguments on Spanking

Three reasons people do not believe spanking is that spanking can cause harmful side effects, spanking is not more effective than other punishments, and spanking promotes child violence. Some of the harmful side effects that spanking can cause are children with depression, poor academic outcomes, or problems in the second half of life. Since side effects usually do not appear immediately, it is impossible to see side effects. It is also thought that spanking can not prove to be more effective than any other punishment. One of the main arguments supporting spanking is that it does not lead to any discipline. One of the main arguments for fighting spanking is that in more than 80 studies on spanking, the results of the survey show that more children experience more corporal punishment, they show more serious behavior. Review of the literature provides a background to understand how spanking affects children. Research on corporal punishment (physical) punishment is defined not as correc ting or managing children's behavior, but as use of physical strength to give children a pain 1. Corporal punishment by law 7. In general, spanking and slapping that do not cause serious physical harm are considered acceptable corporal punishments. Corporal punishment is often escalated to child abuse, Children's Corporal Punishment: Slapping. Standpoint of Inverse Span. Religious Tolerability: Abusing may escalate. As spanking for a while, it is common for parents to repeat spanking when a child is misbehaving. More serious spanking It may become abuser beyond the reasonable power threshold. Corporal punishment often reacts innocently to child's behavior excessively Jan Hunt. 10 reasons not hitting children natural children project: 2. In many cases of so-called bad behavior children are basic Ignore the needs, respond only to your own needs according to your age and experience. Sleep and nutrition, hidden allergy treatment But his greatest need is his parents concentration.

Making Sense Of Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Making Sense Of Organisation - Essay Example The machine is comprised of interlocking components which work together in sync. Well-oiled, it functions flawlessly to take a physical input and convert it into an output that serves some utility. In the same way as machines are fabrications of men, organizations are themselves an invention, a fabrication that was necessitated by human need. Organizations are fictitious persons with legal rights and obligations that are exercised by the persons who are empowered to act in behalf of it (Champoux, 2011). The organisations, while made up of people and acting through them, are separate entities from the people who comprise them. Humans work together to fulfil common needs; organizations have been devised to provide the structure by which human efforts may be coordinated, in order to more effectively attain the goals they have set out to achieve (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Organizations are more formally defined as ‘a system of two or more persons, engaged in cooperative action , trying to reach a purpose.’ As systems they are bounded, and feature a structure including authority relations, communications protocols, and formally established incentives by which peoples’ behaviour and social interaction are structured and regulated, even controlled (Champoux, 2011, p. 6). Also, ‘Organizations are (1) social entities that (2) are goal-directed, (3) are designed as deliberately structure and coordinated activity systems, and (4) are linked to the external environment’ (Daft, 2007, p. 10). A cursory observation is that elements common to machines and organisations are that they are both goal-oriented, they are both creations of humans, and they employ a system that takes inputs from the environment, converts them through a pre-determined process, and creates the desired output which they return to the environment. The following discussion will thresh out the machine-like elements in the organisation that pertain to the latter’s historical, rational-technical, and sociological (seen through the psychological, cultural, and symbolic) components. Historical elements of organisations The historical element of an organisation becomes apparent when one comes to realise that while organisations are made up of people, they are capable of exceeding the limitations of the people who comprise it at any one point in time. This means that while people can leave, retire or die, organisations live on through the next generation of individuals who succeed those who have left. In practical terms, it is possible for organisations to last longer than any natural person can, and even cross over to several generations into the future. There are many organisations that have lasted for hundreds of years. In London, the oldest merchant bank was Barings Bank; it was established in 1762, but collapsed in 1995 due to rogue trading. Today, a remnant of the bank survives as ING Barings after it was bought out in 1995 by ING Bank. That being said, it is remarkable that a British bank, a private organisation that existed separate from the government, was older than the Unites States itself. Scanning the internet, however, Barings was a young bank when compared with the Halifax Bank of Scotland (1695), the Berenberg Bank of

Film Analysis C.P. Paper on Daniel Boone Movie Review

Film Analysis C.P. Paper on Daniel Boone - Movie Review Example Since the families in Pennsylvania depended mostly on hunting for food, at age 12 Boone acquired his own rifle and actively engaged in hunting at that point. He hunted both from the local settlers and Lenape village, which belonged to the Indians. Apart from hunting and trapping animals, Boone sold the pelts of the hunted animals in the fur market. Through these activities including exceptional hunting skills, Boone learnt easy routes to the area and to the west, which prepared him as a hunter, explorer, and scout in Kentucky. Similarly, Boone participated in the Braddock’s campaign to seize Fort Duquesne where he served in the military expedition driving a supply wagon (Foreman, 2001). Additionally, he guided the redcoats through the backwoods of Pennsylvania. These activities gave Boone familiarity with the area, which prepared him for the tasks ahead in hunting, exploring, and scouting in Kentucky. In the wilderness, Boone and the long hunters used their hunting skills, as well as taming skills to penetrate the untamed wilderness and establish a pathway. Among the tools they used to clear the pathway was an axe, which the woodsmen used to cut through to create a wide trail resembling a footpath. Another tool that the long hunters had were riffle slung hang over their shoulders as they moved through the wilderness. In the process of taming Kentucky, Boone experienced personal losses, for example, loved ones. Additionally, Boone encountered several tragedies in the hands of native Indians. First, his daughter was kidnapped, but fortunately, he rescued her. Secondly, was short in the ankle by Indians, but he recovered. Thirdly, he was also captured at some point during the struggle by the Shawnee. Finally, Boone did not enjoy living in the land that he so much fought for, as he had to go settle elsewhere where he could find happiness since Kentucky became too overcrowded for him. An example of Boone’s

Filmmaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Filmmaking - Essay Example I got to learn that the reflected-light meter does not always measure the light accurately because of the difference in reflectance and the result we thus get is underexposed. I learned that when I attempt to take a photo of a sunset, its brightness causes the reading of the light meter to become incorrect. This leads to the generation of an underexposed photo. In the still exercise, I realized that the camera’s aperture can be set as per the individual’s will. The setting of the aperture can be played with to generate stylish and artistic images. In the exercise, I found that one thing that is incredibly important for a director is the camera’s lenses. I was also taught the function of camera lenses. Learning the functionality of lenses was very interesting. One whole lecture was based on the filming exercise. During this exercise, I used a 50mm lens to get a medium close up, but the diameter of the lens decreased the depth of field and made the character isolat ed. Then I used a 12mm lens and took the camera closer to the character. This increased the depth of field and altered the composition of the shot altogether. As a result of this exercise, I learned that different lenses can be used to produce different images, and can totally change the significance of the background in a picture. Lenses are thus of prime cinematographic value. Lenses play a big role in making the photography adorable and the director can use them according to his/her style. Although I have learned quite a lot from the exercise, yet I have not sufficiently practiced what I have learned. Before directing the movie in the first term, I had a clear idea of what lenses to use when and I had also written some notes regarding use of lenses for different kinds of shots.  

Safety community care plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safety community care plan - Essay Example They should be allowed to excel and strive to achieve their goals. Be able to reside and work in their chosen location and field as long as they are qualified for the job (Pamela J. Salsberry, 2003. Page Number: 39). They are usually part of a family belonging to a cultural group, living within a community or region of their choice. The environment can be open or closed. It can contribute to the building or endangering of the persons self esteem. One might adapt to the environment depending on one's personal preference. A person might be seen in the eyes of others as the product of their environment that might be interpreted as a negative or a positive statement. Depending on one's interpretation of the statement. Some environments have sub-cultures within the environment. Each group has different beliefs, such as religion, diet, attire, and dialects. The environment sometimes contributes to some medical problems, for example respiratory problems. Nurses unfamiliar with the laws and customs of the environment might need to familiarize themselves with cultural practices. What is appropriate and inappropriate for that culture for example male nurses not allowed to give care to female patients in that environment and vice versa. Nurses might need to observe the environment for safety precautions and life threatening situations. Which will contribute or cause an illness, or preventing recovery. The environment is considered home and that is were the person resides. It is a familiar surrounding for the individual. Health can be defined as freedom from either a mental or physical condition, which impedes one from performing activities of daily living or preventing the person from functioning at their optimum level, for that individual. The person is considered mentally or physically stable or unstable depending on the diagnosis he/she is assigned. Health is when a person is in a state of well-being. The individual has been free of pain and disease. The patient is always the focus; therefore it is called "patient focused care". Health is considered the quality of life, when an individual is independent and able to function without any obstacles of impedement (Jowett, S., 2004, 579-587). 3. Plan In nursing the nurse should be able to critical think, be caring, competent, compassionate and have a conscience according to Roach. Nursing would include, doing a nursing assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, and a nursing interventions. Starting with short-term goals, and upon achieving short-term goals for the patient, then proceed to long-term goals. Goals should be realistic. Then evaluate and reassess if the needs arises. Problem solving and treating the patients as human, the same way you would like to be treated. 4. Evaluation The safety of a neighborhood is an important indicator of its overall economic and social health. Neighborhood crime prevention efforts are essential. Safe neighborhoods are necessary to foster common values and community quality of life. Neighborhood crime, on the other hand, creates fear and distrust among

Children in the children center observation Research Paper

Children in the children center observation - Research Paper Example She looks back and looks around at everyone present in the church. She looks at the ceiling and says â€Å"Its gotten higher.† 4:55- She jumps down from the bench and stands put her left palm on the side of the bench and looks back. She walks out of the pew and stands for sometime holding the side handles of the pew and looks at the gate of the church from where she had entered. 5:05- She looks at the hymn book placed on the bench and picks it up. G opens the book and says â€Å"what are all these?† She closes the hymn book and with her right forefinger tries to read â€Å"HYMN BOOK†. She says â€Å"H- Y-M –N-B-O-O-K† â€Å"What is it mommy?† G asks. 5:06- G puts it down and starts to look at the ceiling. â€Å"Mommy is Jesus here now?† â€Å"Where is he sitting?† She tries to look for â€Å"Jesus† in the church. She starts nodding her head when the choir sings. She stands up and nods her head to the left and right. 5:07- G bends down and gets out of the bench. G smiles â€Å"Look I am here now†Ã¢â‚¬  I am coming†. She walks to the mid of the church and stops at a painting hung on the walls. She looks at it minutely with both her hands on her hips. 5:12- G stands up again and walks towards the end of the church and stands near the statue of Mother Mary. She touches it and folds her hands and prays. She touches it again with her right palm and kisses her palm. 5:19- She finished collection of the 6th row and takes back the bag with her right hand. She puts her left hand underneath the bag and says †Its heavy† and walks towards the end of the hall. She smiles at the nun and hands over the bag. G is a 6 year old. She is wearing a mauve colour frock and pretty mauve shoes. G seems to know what happens in the church which shows that she must have come to church on several occasions. G seems enthusiastic since she wanted to sit in the first bench. G’s behaviour shows that she copies

Ghetto Formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ghetto Formation - Essay Example Its sheer size has induced a constant exchange and migration of people who move to facilitate employment, education, achievement of social status or family improvement. Thesis Formation of ghettoes is a cause of the problems of racial discrimination and segregation persisted despite the upheavals of war and the changes brought by social progress. Formation of ghettoes is caused by racial differences and racism, racial discrimination and oppression. Historically, the formation of the ghettoes was a response of newly arrived immigrants to the confusion and strangeness of the nineteenth-century city. Originally these "ghettos" were merely ethnic enclaves on a par with a series of other ethnic concentrations. This ethnic enclave based upon language difference or foreign origin became a fixture of urban areas. It was a form of social protection and expression and a testimony to the pluralist character of national life (Edwardson 339). During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, dozens of such immigrant clusters dotted the cities. These neighborhoods provided the setting for the drama of ethnic group life (Purdy 457). Today, critics underline the emergence of a new type of ghetto, 'outcast ghetto' "as a result of industrial decentralization and globalization. [It is] composed only of the poorest segments of subjugated racialized groups (mostly blacks and Hispanics) who are marginal to current production needs" (Walks and Bourne 29). It is important to note that seclusion can be voluntary or involuntary. In modern cities, the seclusion is voluntary used as a protective measures against racial segregation and racial oppression. In ghettoes people condition the common attitude and expectations with regard to the family and residential life of ethnic groups within the larger urban society. The ethnic neighborhoods almost always establish a picture in the public mind of poor living conditions and social disorganization (Fay 217). For over a century this picture was transmitted to a nation dominated by rural, native-born citizens, who prided themselves on their isolation from "foreign" influences and w hose virtues of self-reliance and stability contrasted with the disorders of the struggling urban immigrant groups. Today, the fluidity of urban society creates a great hunger for social status. Distinctions based on ethnic and racial characteristics become important instruments in the status seeking. Following Thabit (2003, 56) rising educational levels have reduced the crudity of the prejudices and stereotypes inherited from the immigration experience, that experience is too sustained and significant not to leave lasting impressions. The Negro areas have become something unique in their size and persistence (Winant 34). They are striking testimonies to the extension of racism right into the most advanced and active portions of society. The concentration of people of color in the "black belts" or urban centers has made a full-scale national phenomenon of a system of racial attitudes and restrictions which is formerly a regional condition.The greatest motivating force behind the mov ement of minority families in the urban centers, however, is the desire to overcome the housing problems. The desire for family improvement has been the positive element of this drive and has led to strenuous efforts to escape the old areas for newer ones (Chekki 585; Glazier 78). The movement

International Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

International Marketing Strategy Essay For most manufacturers, success or failure is determined by how effectively and efficiently their products are sold through their marketing channel members (e. g. , agents, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers). Given this situation, considerable marketing channel research has focused on organizational responsibility for managing channel how interrelationships among a firm and its channel members can be managed better (Achrol and Stern 1988; Anderson et al 1997). Globalization of markets is a phenomenon that has received much attention and been extensively debated both at general societal/institutional/cultural levels and at market and business levels. In any globalization process, distribution of goods and services between and within local industrial and consumer markets is of great importance. A marketing channel is a set of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for consumption. Globalization of markets and reorganization of distribution are mutually dependent processes that involve changes in market structures. Mattsson Wallenberg, 2003) As national markets expand and as new opportunities arise for satisfying consumer demand, greater specialization in distribution is evident both in the level of distribution and in goods and services handled (Mallen, 1996). Moreover, as the global marketplace expands, many multinational firms have been influenced by mounting pressures to develop a worldwide communication, distribution and information network that facilitates the free flow of information and goods across national boundaries (Min Eom, 1994). Distribution channels excellence has become a powerful source of competitive differentiation. In the 1980’s and 1990’s, companies began to view distribution channels as more than simply a source of cost savings and recognize it as a source of enhancing product or serve offerings as part of the broader supply chain process to create competitive advantage. (Mentzer et al, 2004). International distribution channels In international marketing the manufacturer doesnt sell products directly, it goes through several parties-before reaching the consumer. It involves various channels and variety of intermediaries. In order to sustain the growth of the international marketplace and the integration of the world’s economic activities it is vital to conduct efficient and cost-effective distribution according to Ross (1996). The challenge to global distribution management is to structure a supply chain that is responsive and flexible enough to cope with differences in customers requirements and yet enable the benefits of focused manufacturing to be achieved. According to Black et al (2002) the past decade has seen some of the most rapid and substantive changes in channels of distribution for goods and services in developed economies. What companies must remember is that the choice of distribution channel is quite complicated in the home market of a company but even more complicated when going international and starting to export. It is vital for companies who are about to establish abroad that they realize that the choice of distribution channel is crucial for future success and growth. There are many alternative distribution channels to choose from and the conditions may vary from different companies and markets. Furthermore, the choice of distribution channel is often complex and expensive if changing it subsequently. Therefore, it is central that the decision is given the attention and acknowledgement, which is called for due to the fact that it has such a long-term outcome of the export investment’s success. (Anderson et al, 1997). Distribution builds stable competitive advantages, since marketing channels have a long-run character and to build them it is necessary to have a consistent structure; and due also to the fact that they are focused on people and relationships. With channels of distribution changing rapidly studies of consumers will need to focus not just on understanding product choice but also on understanding the reasons for channel choice. Distribution channel intensity Another channel strategy according to Jobber (2001) is the intensity of the distribution channel. According to Kotler (2000) and Fein and Anderson (1997) companies have to decide on the number of intermediaries to use at each channel level. Three approaches are available: intensive distribution, selective distribution and exclusive distribution. Mallen (1996) states that intensive distribution is at one end of the scale where the policy is to distribute to as many outlets as possible, and that exclusive distribution is at the other end of the scale, where the policy is to distribute only to one intermediary at a given level in a given geographic area. The broad middle ground is normally referred to as selective distribution. Intensive distribution consists of the manufacturer placing the goods or services in as many outlets as possible. This approach is generally used for everyday goods such as milk, bread, tobacco products and soap, products for which the consumer requires a great deal of location convenience. Manufacturers are constantly tempted to move from exclusive or selective distribution to more intensive distribution to increase coverage and sales. Intensive distribution may help in the short term but often hurts long-term performance. (Kotler, 2000) According to Mallen (1996) intensive distribution tends to maximize sales for the simple reason that more outlets increase the possibilities of consumer contact. Yet, this approach means a more elaborate marketing operation at the manufacturer level. Selective distribution involves the use of more than a few but less than all of the intermediaries who are willing to carry a particular product. It is used by established companies and by new companies seeking distributors. The company does not have to dissipate its efforts over too many outlets; it enables the producer to gain adequate market coverage with more control and less cost than intensive distribution. Kotler, 2000) Selective distribution is generally applied on rarely bought goods such as DVDs, computers and cameras according to Fein and Anderson (1997). Exclusive distribution means severely limiting the number of intermediaries. It is used when the producer wants to maintain control over the service level and service outputs offered by the resellers. (Kotler, 2000) While minimizing costs, exclusive distribution tends to maximize channel goodwill and channel control. It is easier for the manufacturer to have completely satisfactory relationships with a few intermediaries than with many in a given area according to Mallen (1996). Often it involves exclusive dealing arrangements, in which the resellers agree not to carry competing brands. By granting exclusive distribution, the producer hopes to obtain more dedicated and knowledgeable selling. (Kotler, 2000) Exclusive distribution is often used on capital goods such as cars according. Importance of distribution Distribution is a key component of any international marketing strategy. To successfully deliver products and services to customers spread across different geographies, you’ll have to develop an international marketing strategy with special emphasis on supply chain, which includes distribution. If your business has entered various markets, it may not be possible for you to single-handedly manage the overseas operations. You’ll have to develop an effective distribution channel. This channel will consist of channel intermediaries, who will make sure that the product reaches the end user. Distribution is critical to your overseas operations because: 1. It has a direct effect on sales. If you don’t have a good distribution network, your products may stack up in a warehouse and won’t reach your target customers. 2. It affects your profits as well. As distribution costs can make up to 50 percent of the final selling price of some products, an efficient distribution network can increase your profit margins. 3. It has an influence on customer satisfaction. As the long-term success of your overseas operations depends on satisfying your customers, choose your dealers and retailers carefully as they will be responsible, to a large extent, what your customers think about your product and if they will recommend your product to others. 1. 4 Types of distribution channels To gain competitive advantage in the market, you need to identify the right distribution channel that is familiar with your target consumer and segment. Also make sure that the distribution channel that you choose shares similar policies and strategies as your company and has a proven track record in the market. You can choose from among several channels of distribution. Your chosen distribution channel will directly affect all your other marketing decisions. Here are some options: Direct marketing: In this method, the company interacts with its customers directly without any intermediaries. Mail orders, the Internet and phone calls are some of the ways your potential customers can learn about your products and make purchases. Agents: Agents operate on a commission basis. You’ll have to pay these agents on the volume of sales they generate. Agents do not accept any legal ownership of the product. This kind of channel is usually expensive, as an agent is expensive to train and the physical distance makes his progress difficult to track. Distributors: Distributors buy the goods directly from you and will then sell it to retailers. Since they take title to the goods, they are free to determine the prices of the goods themselves and develop their own marketing strategies. They usually have storage facilities. Retailers: Retailers sell to the end customers and are, therefore, able to develop a better bond with them. The retailer takes on the responsibility of promoting the products and often decides the price of the product. Manufacturing-owned intermediaries: This is a capital-intensive option, as your business will directly set up sales and service units in the markets that it has a presence. 2. 0 Channel Management Strategies Channel Management is yet another sales and marketing phrase that is thrown around like everyone knows what it means. But so few companies really comprehend channel management in a way that really helps them. Sales channels being the conduits by which we distribute our products to the end-user come in many shapes from direct, to the web, to the traditional retail environment. Channel Management Strategies (CMS) provides the latest research, benchmarking data, analytic models, and thought leadership necessary to align and enhance your existing channel management initiatives. Channel Management Strategies delivers objective data and intelligence to compare and contrast your efforts with peer organizations, and provides thought-provoking research on industry trends, best-practice models and tactics, budget and resource allocation and measurement strategies. Channel management is a process by which a company creates formalized programs for selling and servicing customers within a specific channel. it can impact businesses in a positive way. First segment channels by like characteristics (their needs, buying patterns, success factors, etc. and then customize a channel management program that includes: 1. Goals: Define the specific goals you have for each channel segment. Consider your goals for the channel as a whole as well as individual account. And, remember to consider goals for both acquisition and retention. 2. Policies: Construct well defined polices for administering the accounts within this channel. Be sure to keep the unique characteristics of each segment in mind when defining policies for account set up, order management, product fulfillment, etc. 3.  Products: Identify which products in your offering are most suited for each segment and create appropriate messaging. Also, determine where to upsell opportunities lie. 4. Sales/Marketing Programs: Design support programs for your channel that meet their needs, not what your idea of their needs are. To do this, you should start by asking your customers within this segment, â€Å"how can we best support you in the selling and marketing of our products? † That being said, the standard considerations are product tra ining, co-op advertising, seasonal promotions, and merchandising. Again, this is not a one-size fit all, so be diligent about addressing this segment’s specific needs in these areas. Defining a channel management strategy for each segment allows the organization to be more effective within each segment, while gaining efficiency at the same time. Still, maintaining brand consistency across all channel segments is critical to your long-term success. So it has to find a good balance between customization and brand consistency for a successful channel management.

The Saying Actions Speak Louder Than Words English Language Essay

The Saying Actions Speak Louder Than Words English Language Essay Multicultural education programme is aimed to develop the knowledge about diverse cultures, therefore the author of this Bachelor thesis focuses her attention on this subject. Non-verbal communication should be understood not only with the language of hand or facial expressions but also when a person speaks: eye contact, smile, pauses in speech and the distance between interlocutors as well as other factors are important. Sen argues that in the context of multicultural communication, it becomes imperative that we train ourselves in decoding the non-verbal signs in a communication progress (2004: 163). Clayton suggests that non-verbal communication should be discussed in three areas, related to the individual, to language, and to the context (2003: 115). Non-verbal communication related to an individual involves eye contact, touching, posture, gestures and facial expressions (ibid.: 115-118). Non-verbal communication related to language includes vocal qualities, intonation, and the use of silence (ibid.: 119). The last one, non-verbal communication related to the context is discussed by olfaction, clothing, sonal appearance, artifacts as well as feeling about space and attitudes toward time (ibid.: 120-123). Some people believe that words are most important in speech because sometimes they do not notice how important non-verbal communication could be and that it can say more about someone than words. The person can lie when he is speaking but his behavior as for instance, embarrassment, always tells the truth. The principles of non-verbal communication between representatives of different cultures can help to overcome the incomprehension even without the knowledge of language. Discussing eye contact one should notice that it is the tool for contact establishment. In business field the direct eye contact means a sense of confidence. Nevertheless, the author of the research believes that Russians do not prefer to fix eye contact for a long time. In American culture vice versa it is the way how people usually behave. According to Clayton, direct eye-contact implies truth and honesty in the dominant Anglo-American culture (ibid.: 115). Another significant aspect of non-verbal communication is gestures. Feyereisen and de Lannoy quote Kendon (1986) and McNeill (1985), [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] gestures and words both relate to the mental representations that constitute thinking (Feyereisen and de Lannoy, 1991: 2). Individuals of diverse cultures can interpret some universal gestures differently. When one thinks about the word yes or no it means nodding and shaking the head. (Clayton, 2003: 117) Still in some countries, for instance in India or Bulgaria, the gesture no means the agreement (ibid.: 117). From these examples of gestures use it can be seen how differently communities can interpret the meaning. Further, within a multicultural environment, every culture forms a single notion of established manners, greetings, gestures and handshakes use. It is very often considered that a certain nation can use gestures more frequently than others. The author of the present research provides an example from the respondents answers (see Appendix 2; question nr. 11), one Latvian student wrote, usually Russian people within talking use many gestures. This type of behavior can confuse diverse cultures representatives where the active use of gestures is not welcome. Latvians, for instance, do not prefer to use a lot of gestures in their oral discourse, especially with strangers. A direct eye contact and outwardly restrained behavior are the most characteristic features for them. They also do not prefer to smile quickly greeting other persons. It is important to analyze how representatives of different cultures behave being in one group. Some foreigners, for instance, Americans or Italians being in Latvia could be confused with the type of unfriendly behavior of native people. Americans and Italians always smile greeting others but this could be atypical for the natives of other countries. The author knows from her own experience that Russians in Latvia differ from Russians in Russia especially by use of gestures. This signals that being in one group or living together in one country [Russians in Latvia] affects all those natives not only adopting the choice of words or sentence patterns from the Latvian culture, but also behavior, gestures and attitudes. To sum up, Russians in Latvia are more composed in behavior than Russians in Russia. It is typical for them in Russia to use a lot of gestures that are accompanied sometimes by a loud voice and very fast talking. Russians in Latvia were being socialized to the typical cultural behavior of Latvians. The process of adaptation of some features of non-verbal communication is developed since representatives of cultures always cooperate and affect each other being in one group. Feyereisen and de Lannoy quote Halliday (1973) and Levinson (1983) pragmatics also draws attention to the social conditions in which gestures occur (Feyereisen and de Lannoy, 1991: 24). The context of the verbal emission, gestures included, must be taken into account to understand the meaning of utterance (ibid.). Thus, every gesture occurs in appropriate context and conditions. As an example, Asians always smile when they are embarrassed. They usually demonstrate a neutral expression when angry, that makes impossible to understand their emotional condition. American people always keep smiling in order to show that everything is going well. The awareness of cultural differences in non-verbal communication leads to understanding the behavior of other people. Nevertheless, it is sometimes difficult to find a way how it is better to act. The above-mentioned suggestions are considered to be very important and everyone should understand that if someone behaves differently and sometimes incomprehensibly this can mean that he/she is coming from another culture. Clayton arguing about students nonverbal communication differences in the classroom, asserts that [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the loudness of a students response may be a sign of sincerity; the belligerent-sounding comment may be awkward intonation; [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] the quest for more personal interaction may indicate an unconscious need for closer contact with authority; the wince under our affectionate pat on the back may mean discomfort with physical touch; [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] an inappropriate smile may mask shame, embarrassment, or fear [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (2003: 128). Finally, everyone should be more attentive to others in order to communicate successfully; especially it is important during the process of education. Clayton adds that teachers cannot know all nonverbal languages of other cultures but she assumes that what we can do is [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] to lay aside our own cultural blinders, be sensitive to a variety of responses, be open to and affirming of different interpretations, and hopefully learn from our students [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦] (ibid.). To conclude the author of the research would like to emphasize that: the awareness of cross-cultural differences leads to acceptance over cultures; the individual becomes more open-minded; the ability to interpret cross-cultural differences and use this knowledge in practice helps to act in a positive way;

Saying and Meaning :: Philosophy of Language

Saying and Meaning The burden of this essay will be to see how the words we utter bear meaning. We use speech to communicate our intentional attitudes to others. On this basis, I propose to treat meaning as that which is conveyed from a speaker to a listener. A simple model of the communication process will be used as follows. First, a speaker frames a sentence to convey an intentional attitude. Second a listener attends to the sounds and comes to a meaning. The essence of human communication is that the listener comes to understand the speaker’s meaning. Both speaker and listener accomplish their tasks by processes of which they are unaware because they are non-conscious brain processes. But these species-typical processes for encoding and decoding meanings result in the characteristic linguistic behaviours which we call speaking, listening, conversing, arguing and the rest. I shall maintain that to understand meaning we must not look at brain processes but at how we operate in the world using language. In moving to a conclusion I shall suggest that, in many cases, as Wittgenstein put it, ‘the meaning of a word is its use in the language.’ John Searle identifies two types of meaning in speech as sentence meaning or word meaning and speaker meaning. He defines sentence meaning as follows: Sentences and words have meanings as part of a language. The meaning of a sentence is determined by the meaning of the words and the syntactical arrangement of the words in the sentence. On this basis sentence meaning is the conventional meaning of the words as they are usually used in a lexical sense. Thus in the Case A below there is a clear meaning. A woman observes a couple leaving a party and comments to her partner, (Case A) Jim and his wife are leaving the (party*). The conventional or sentence meaning here is as follows; two people, a man (Jim) and his wife are leaving the social function (as opposed to a political party*). But even in this simple example, the bracketed information shows that the context of the utterance is important in enabling the listener to reach the meaning intended by the speaker. The speaker and listener are usually able to pick out the word meaning appropriate to the particular occasion. This use of language in everyday social contexts is what Wittgenstein refers to as ‘agreement in form of life.

Essay --

Bullying is a very negative action and creates major problems in our society. Nothing good ever comes out of bullying someone. It can however change someone’s life forever. It actually does ruin many lives both of the bully and of the victim. The bully if caught and punished will then have a criminal record for the rest of their life. Unless they get psychological help, they will probably end up being a repeat offender. The victim often becomes depressed, withdrawn and often times either commits suicide or becomes a bully themselves. Bullying is more than just a part of growing up. It is a very violent form of aggressive behavior. Anti-bullying Laws will never completely solve the problem; only mask it temporarily until everyone starts working together to stop the root of this cruel behavior. Adults know that this behavior is wrong but many time don’t know when or if they should step in and do something. The important thing to remember when deciding to step in is how the adult feels about taking control of the situation versus how the victim might feel about having a parent or elder stick up for them. Sometimes the victim feels that elder involvement may make the situation even worse. They often feel the only way to solve the problem is to handle it themselves. Anti-bullying laws are being enacted in almost every state in the U.S. However, they are not being enforced and are nowhere near strong enough to identify and make the abuser stop or continue to repeat his/her actions again on someone else or even sometime the same victim they began with. Only 44 of our 50 states currently have anti-bullying laws in place. Ohio does have a law in place and is found in the Ohio Revised Code, section 3313.666. The law prohib... ...r high and high school which needs to be stopped. In one of the journals I was researching on this topic it stated that this type of behavior stems from many different things, life at home, poverty, depression. And that stopping those symptoms at a young age will help prevent these troubled kids from doing these acts. Of course you do not see these bad of events going on in the younger schools but when they start young like in elementary school what they think and do only gets worst with age. That’s why I wrote this paper in order to open not only the eyes of parents but as well as anyone that is ever around kids at all. And also to not only help the victims but also the offenders, it’s not always their fault. And lastly to stand up for a good cause such as this and help pass the laws against bullying to not only prevent it but in hopes of stopping it all together.

Help Desks :: essays research papers

Help desks must help themselves: With no relief in sight, help desks need to be given the right resources.(Industry Trend or Event)Author/s: Stannie HoltThe internal help desk has a precarious position in today's enterprise. Like Rodney Dangerfield, the help desk staff often gets no respect from its internal customers nor from executives who see them only as a cost center. But other times, like Obi-Wan Kenobi in Star Wars, they're your only hope.Insiders say that even though information technology is essential to productivity these days, minding the help desk is a thankless job whose burden will only increase over the next few years as IT's size and complexity multiplies. But there is a light at the end of the tunnel: Better-designed applications, more effective integration, and more Web interfaces could cut down on the IT clutter and therefore the help desk workload -- but not for years to come."The trend for service centers [or help desks] today is we get more and more stuff to support and more and more [IT] complexity," said Renee Seay, senior manager for IT Customer Service at semiconductor maker AMD, in Sunnyvale, Calif.Analysts say most large organizations use 30 to 50 different applications and types of hardware. Some companies have separate help desks for different products, but most prefer the convenience of a centralized service desk.According to Kurt Johnson, vice president of service management at the Meta Group, in Stamford, Conn., in the past decade the number of calls to internal help desks has risen from one or one-and-a-half per employee per month to two calls, and is likely to hit three or more within a few years.There are several reasons for this growth, and they are not all bad, according to Johnson. First, there is "the continued proliferation of technology on the desktop," he said.For example, enterprise resource planning (ERP) vendors such as SAP are trying to expand the scope of their manufacturing and financial- ori ented applications so a broader range of people can use them.Moreover, many ERP vendors are offering self-service features, such as letting all employees directly look up their available vacation days, which means everyone must have access to these applications, not just the human resources department, Johnson said.On the other hand, such self-service applications can also be a good way to cut down on calls by letting employees look up their own answers on a FAQ list or database, according to Cecil Lawson, director of executive services at Remedy, in Mountain View, Calif.

Race, Gender, & Mass Media

Honestly when I signed up for this class at the end of last year I was kind of looking forward to it. When I heard the name of the class I thought it would be very interesting and give me a new perspective on the world and my place in it. To me, this class will be about how the media portrays the genders and races of the world; how the advertisements we see in our everyday lives affect the way we go about them.I would like to think that I know a little bit about this subject already. I watch the news and try to stay up to date on current events. I know about the rioting in Ferguson and I think I have basic knowledge of why it's happening. The media plays a huge part in what the public sees so unless we are actually there we don't know the whole situation. In this class I hope to learn a lot more about how the media can obstruct the truth in these circumstances. I also hope to learn more about how the media portrays genders.I know it has a lot to do with gender roles, white men are se en as more dominant. I also know that women are not looked upon as equals even in 2014. The media shows women as dependent on men when in fact that is not true. There are plenty of independent and thriving women in today's society. Women are not as respected as men and they are often times paid less, offered less benefits, and discriminated simply because â€Å"they are women†. I know that in America and a lot of the world we are a society of rape culture.Women are taught not to dress specific says and to learn to defend themselves while men are not taught anything on the subject. I have seen rape Jokes on social media more than once and can't begin to understand why someone would think that something so serious is a Joke. It blows my mind that girls can be denied education because they are showing their shoulders. How can that be more important than education and why are boys not punished for looking? I hope to learn a lot more about the gender area of the media because as a woman, it affects me in my everyday life.Mass media has a huge effect on the perception of race as well. Black males are often made out to be vicious and dangerous, Mexicans are seen as dirty and poor, and no one cares enough to distinguish the different branches of Asian nationality; they are all grouped together as â€Å"Chinese† or â€Å"Japanese†. When a white person commits a crime, what the news stations air is completely different than what they would air if a person of different race committed the same crime. A huge example of this and one that I already mentioned is the riots in Ferguson.I hope that in this class I learn why inequality like this is still happening in modern day society. Basically in this class I hope to learn a lot more about the way our society sees gender and race in areas such as the media. Out of all my classes this year this is the only one I really look forward to, and not Just because my friends are in it, but because I'm interested in the content of the class. Hopefully I learn a lot this year about subjects that matter in today's society.

Knowing Your Audience and Communication Release Essay

On August 5, 2010, The Chilean Copper mine collapse with 33 workers confined in a 2,257 feet hole, which was the size of a mini studio apartment (msnbc.com news services, 2010). Their families, friends, and co-workers were worried frantically about their safety, and not being able to reach the miners left everyone at unease. The Rescuers and the Chilean Copper president’s came together to find a resolution as to the cause of this situation and how to rescue their employees. Families and co-workers of these miners have questions that wanted immediate answers, and it is the companies responsibly to provide answers. The company should have a plan of emergency action for these types of incident and be implemented in training programs when hired or promoted. There should be reputable spokesperson on hand to communicate with families, co-workers, and the media. The first action to take place is to immediately control the situation, and prevent any rumors from uprising through the wo rkplace or the media. Have somebody Reputable from the company to hold a face to face verbal meeting explaining what emergency incident just occurred and what the companies’ plan of action is going to be. It is important to present only facts to this meeting so that there are no assumptions as to what is really taking place. Be honest, open, clear and concise in these meeting so the audience can listen and decode the message the spokesperson is conveying. The spokesperson should be able to answer all questions presented to the room, as long as the spokesperson has evidence to back it up. Otherwise, being honest and saying, â€Å"we are looking into that,† is the best option for this type of situation. If the company has a morning and evening shift, then having the meeting write when both shifts are about to cross would be an effective way to control any rumors, explain the situation, and answer any questions. This will save time so the company can delegate the situation currently on hand. The second action is to have another reputable spokesperson to notify the minors’ families of the incident. The first step to communicating to the miners loved ones is by phone and then a face-to-face verbal communication should take place. It is important to be sympathetic and compassionate when relaying this type of information to the families. Calling each miners emergency contact would be the start but should not provide too much information over the phone, but just ask the family or friend to come down to the job site immediately. Providing information over the phone can create media attention rapidly and cause panic to the person. Hold a meeting as soon as the miner’s family and friends have arrived and provide information that the company has facts on. Do not delude the people in thinking, the situation is worse or better than what the facts actually say, but be honest and clear about the situation. It is a good idea to have a mediator around if the company decides to have a verbally conversation that is one on one with a family member, and this will prevent any rumors as well. Inform the employees and families that it is in the best interest for the company and the families of the miners to avoid answering questions to the media. When speaking to the media without knowing all the facts or going based on what you heard without fully researching the situation can lead to panic and discomfort for the families and loved ones. For instance, in the situation the media publicly announced on August 26, 2010 that it would take the rescuer’s four months to rescue the miners. However, According to msnbc.com news services (2010), Health Minister Jaime Manalich said, â€Å"they would not be rescued before the Fiestas Patrai’s,† and Fiestas Patrai’s is Chile’s Independence Day celebration, held on September 18. That is only forty-four days, and a big differ ence from 120 days. Preventing the media from misleading reports can be achieved by avoiding the media. The company should offer counseling to the families and co-workers to help deal with this situation, and provide any assistance to make this incident go smoother for them. After the company has all the facts and knows what they are facing then have a reputable spokesperson address the media, family, friends, and co-workers with all the facts at hand. This will help all parties understand what they are in for and to start dealing with the situation at hand. Keeping the all parties informed throughout the rescue process though meetings or the media is important. Having somebody from the company to go to the miners loved ones face to face or calling them to ensure that they are well, is a great way to provide answer to the individual parties. This situation affects everyone, families, friends, co-workers, and global. It is never easy to try to control and sustain a crisis like this but avoiding rumors, which are usually just opinions from others around, can help everybody. The miners loved ones just have one care in the world, that is getting them out safe and healthy, and that is all that should matter, but sometimes the media likes to turn embellish the truth. The important thing in this type of situation is too continual to provide information to all parties so they are properly informed. It is better to hear from the people who are actually in the rescue process rather than an outside source. This will provide all parties some ease to their pain even if it is not good information; at least they understand the situation. Reference msnbc.com news services. (2010). Drill breaks through to trapped Chilean miners. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39558833/ns/world_news-americas/t/drill-breaks-through-trapped-chilean-miners/

Legalization of Marijauna

Daniel FaybyshevPeriod 8-9 6/11/12â€Å"Legalization of Marijuana† Although to many it may seem as though marijuana is a harmful substance that poisons our nations youth, marijuana has the potential to open many new doors in economics, medicine, security and more. Marijuana should not be as easy to obtain as walking into a convenience store and buying a pack of gum. However, the use of cannabis should be a choice left up to responsible people of age who can make their own wise decisions. Marijuana should be extremely regulated.With that said, Marijuana can be hugely beneficial. Tax revenue could significantly increase with the legalization of marijuana because of its huge popularity. Forty-two percent of America’s population has tried marijuana at least once. Keep in mind this is while it is illegal and harder to obtain than it would be if it were legal. An estimated forty to one-hundred billion dollars in revenue could be collected if taxes that are put on tobacco and alcohol products were to be put on marijuana.Legal marijuana production would create jobs both domestically and globally. Locally, dispensary shops would create numerous legitimate jobs for people. Globally, producers all around the world including South American countries, Middle Eastern countries, and African countries would have new job opportunities involving the production of cannabis sativa. Marijuana can help aid in the reduction of global unemployment and jumpstart our economy. Marijuana has been clinically proven to treat and sometimes cure many diseases that unfortunately plague the human body.It can act as an effective painkiller and it can replace harmful generic opiate-based painkillers such as oxycodone and hydrocodone that are known for being extremely addictive and highly abused drugs that can severely harm the body if taken more than prescribed. Marijuana is just the safer alternative. Also, marijuana can successfully treat anxiety disorders and depression because t he main chemical in Marijuana, THC (tetrahydrocannabanoid) acts as an anti-anxyolitic and an anti-depressant. In many cases Marijuana can treat insomnia.In conclusion Marijuana has numerous medical benefits and I believe it is a shame that its medicinal powers cannot be taken advantage of just because the government believes it should be illegal. Medicinal Marijuana offers hope to many people who suffer from disease. Another reason marijuana should be decriminalized, is to ultimately create a safer environment for the general public. Because of the high demand for marijuana the black market has taken upon itself to mass-produce and distribute it to the world.Along with the manufacturing and distribution of drugs come numerous other illegal activities to support it. Guns are given to those who are involved with drug trafficking. From the growers all the way to the local dealers people are carrying guns. Also, other more dangerous drugs are sold to fund the production and distribution of marijuana. Prostitution is also used as a way of funding the production of cannabis. Gang violence is also prevalent with the distribution of marijuana because rival gangs often compete for territory on which they sell their product.Legalizing marijuana would lessen if not eliminate essential components of the black market. It is a valid and reasonable point to make by those who oppose the legalization on Marijuana that Marijuana is a dangerous substance. Unfortunately the use of marijuana does have some negative side effects. Although they are minimal they are still present. Despite its many wonderful benefits marijuana is still a drug and still alters the way the mind and body function.However, the fact of the matter is that we live in an imperfect world and in an imperfect world certain sacrifices must be made for stability to be maintained within a society. The negatives of Marijuana cannot compete with benefits that would come about with its legalization. Gaining a stable e conomy, advancements in medicine and safe streets for the public are just a few of the many reasons that are worth the few minor negative affects it may have on those who will use it.

Explain Child Protection Within the Wider Concept of Safeguarding Children and Young People

All those working with children have a professional responsibility to safeguard and protect children. Child Protection is a highly emotive subject, evoking strong feelings in most people. In order to provide the most effective support and help for vulnerable children and their families, all staff managing services and involved in working directly with children need to be able to acknowledge their feelings and examine their different values and beliefs. Every child can be hurt, put at risk of harm or abused, regardless of their age, gender, religion or ethnicity.Safeguarding legislation and government guidance says that safeguarding means protecting children from maltreatment, preventing impairment of children’s health or development, ensuring that children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care.Child protection is a part of safeguarding and promoting welfare. This serves to protect specific children who are suffering or are at risk of suffering significant harm. Safeguarding the welfare is clearly important and involves quite a lot including promoting their interests, keeping them safe and protecting their interests.The ‘Staying Safe’ action plan published by the government in 2008 highlighted a number of key points which include:Road safety and safety on the streetsBullyingSafety while using the internet and other technologyYoung runaways and missing childrenSubstance misuse by young peopleGuidance for safeguarding disabled childrenIt is very important that everyone that works with children and young people be aware of the safeguarding procedures and know how to respond to any concerns about the children’s welfare and safety.All children and young people have the right to grow up in safety and adults have a duty to protect them from being harmed or abused in any way. Where parents fail to ensure a child’s safety and are unable to protect their children, the local authorities se e it fit to step in and provide protection for the child on the basis of the Children Act 1989. This act forms the legal framework for child protection and is the key legislative document for children and families.

Concept and components of business cycles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Concept and components of business cycles - Essay Example Whenever talks are made concerning the economic or business fluctuations, notions of aggregate economic income or output is anticipated. This is because, while business cycles are expressed in terms of fluctuations in GDP, there is usually an accompaniment by labor unemployment rate fluctuations too (Parkin, 2012). However, economists have often noted that there is variation in the lengths of a complete business cycle, as the duration may range from between two to twelve years, but averagely six years. Business cycles are significant in the sense that they highlight the economic relationships that exists in the economy. For instance, while growth in the economy will fall and rise with cycles, it generates a long-term trend line for growth. Economic growth above the trend line would result in a fall in the unemployment rate. Based on Okun’s Law, a 1% rise in GDP above the trend line would result in a 0.5% decline in the employment (Parkin & Bade, 2001). A business cycle is often comprised of four main stages that form its components. These are the recession (trough), contraction, recovery and expansion, and growth (peak). Even though the concept of the business cycle is used in relation to the larger economy, its phases can be applied to several sections of the business or a particular industry. The expansion and recovery phase relates to the period in which the business is rising, and consumer confidence is growing in the economy. As such, companies seize the opportunity to expand, and incomes and spending rates increase. This period is often associated with significant aggregate increase in factors such as total income, output, trade and employment rates. It persists for approximately six months, and is characterized by a widespread expansion of economic units/sectors in the economy. An extended period of this phase results in a boom in which the

MF Global Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MF Global - Research Paper Example The executives by the end of that month made it official that over 700 million USD had been transferred. They, however, could not pay back this capital with their revenue making it plummet into more debt. At the end of the liquidation period, customers of MF Global made losses that totalled over 1.6 billion dollars, and a majority have not received their funds till today. Difference between conducting fraud and financial audit Audits are done to ensure the smooth running of operations. They may be done after some time as per the organization’s request, as in the case of financial auditing. Furthermore, they may be arbitrary and without warning, as in the case of fraud auditing. There are different types of audits, carried out for different purposes. There are reasons that surround each of these audits. One main reason is the accuracy of financial information in the organization. This is one reason why financial audits are carried out, and they can be done by a qualified, indep endent party or government unit. Fraud auditing is often done to discover some of the hidden figures in the financial data of an organization (Hagan, 2012). This means that, outside parties may be brought in to conduct a fraud audit, but internal auditors of an organization may be responsible for financial auditing. ... If there is the confirmation of fraud, serious legal ramifications may result (Hagan, 2012). There must be a level of responsibility for the auditing firm in both cases. If there are any financial discrepancies in the financial departments or operations, it is up to them to disclose this information. This may lead to the saving of capital that would have otherwise been lost in data. Fraud auditing may need a little more time and effort to identify what information may be missing that is crucial in the financial docket. A code of ethics needs to guide all the parties involved to ensure their tasks are carried out accordingly. The obligation of corporate CEOs to shareholders and employees about the firm’s financial activity The growth of an organization means that the CEO may have a daunting task of keeping an eye on everything that goes on in the firm. They must delegate some of the duties to subordinates. This helps in ensuring that there is a chain of command that is followed before getting to the top. However, they may not have full control over what subordinates may do, so it is up to them to ensure all matters relating to the financial sectors of the firm are reported directly to them. The shareholders of the organization are the most crucial part of the firm. CEO’s should be the voice of the organization and any financial activity going on should be reported to the people involved (Hagan, 2012). The CEO needs to tell the shareholders of the people in charge of the activities, and what they need to do if they have any complaints or suggestions. As CEO, it is one’s job to understand what goes on in the firm in

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Research proposal - Essay Example panies in processing of data into information but also in using the information in doing business analysis, as well as in taking critical business decisions regarding future investment opportunities. Using MIS, companies can retrieve information in the form of well-documented reports that contain information about all technicalities and aspects that can influence the business at some point in future. Along with this, MIS also helps companies in setting and achieving short-term and long-term strategic goals and objectives (Earl 1998). Because of these benefits, production and manufacturing companies have started to use Management Information Systems to manage information about inventory and other business processes. However, there exist some challenges that need to be addressed in order to make an efficient use of this technology. According to Oz (2009, p.9), information is the lifeblood of any organization†. Without having significant amount of information, a company can never operate efficiently in today’s world of competition because information is the base for every successful business move. In general, management information system refers to processing of data into information in such a way that it can be used by organizations to administer different business activities. According to Abel (2008), Management Information System is an important software application that deals with the use of information technology tools to help managers and employees in performing different tasks associated with information processing and management. Management information systems perform all the tasks related to information management which include collection of data, editing of data, processing of data into required information, and generating relevant reports based on the stored data. As Dawn (2009) states, â€Å"management information systems are used by organizations to track, store, manipulate and distribute information to the appropriate people†. A management

Homework Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homework Problem - Assignment Example Question 3: The University of Iowa is experimenting with a blend of soil amendments to be used in an analysis of variance study of the response of tomatoes to various amounts of sunlight.   To perform this study, all other elements must be controlled so that the only variable is the sunlight.   The minimum requirements for calcium, phosphorous, and potassium are 125 pounds, 150 pounds, and 120 pounds respectively.   The soil amendment mixture from Prairie Gold consist of 25% calcium, 25% phosphorous, 14% potassium, and 36% other ingredients.   It costs $0.60 per ounce.   The mixture from Grinell Grow is 20% calcium, 25% phosphorous, 25% potassium, and 30% other ingredients.   It sells for $0.80 per ounce Formulate a linear programming model that will allow the University of Iowa to conduct this experiment using a minimum cost blend of the two soil amendment mixtures. State clearly the Objective Function and the Constraints (if any) Question 5: Given these parameters:   ÃŽ » = 25 per hour, ÃŽ ¼ = 30 per hour, and Wq  = .3 hours, calculate the average number of customers in the system, average number of customers in the queue, and the average time a customer spends in the system using Littles Formulas. Question 6: An investor studied the percentage rates of return of three different gold funds. Random samples of percentage rates of return for four periods were taken from each fund. The results appear in the table

3G Vs 4G Wireless Technology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

3G Vs 4G Wireless Technology - Term Paper Example However, fourth generation (4G) communication system is the descendant of 3G system. The 4G communication system offers ultra speed internet services and it is the latest wireless application service for telecommunication technologies. The discussion in the paper is based on the study of distinctiveness of 3G and 4G wireless technologies and the future prospects of 4G. There are a few issues which are attached with the implementation of 4G network systems for providing important services to users worldwide. However, the advantages of 4G services are quite apparent compared to 3G services which will be helpful in varied applications. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 Problem Description 5 Results 12 Conclusion 15 Works Cited 16 Introduction The broadband services for the telecommunication technologies have advanced in a drastic way for the requirement of broadband internet services by users anywhere. Among the overall 1.8 billion broadb and users on a worldwide basis, almost two-third users have mobile broadband facility. The users who are using this mobile communication system are being offered this service through High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network as well as Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. HSPA services can be used with HSPA modems or USB dongles and the use of fixed DSL modems have been swapped with the availability of these high speed wireless broadband technologies. LTE has provided many advantages to the users as well as to the service providers for its performance of offering speed in excess of 200 Mbps and its capacity of Radio Access Network (RAN) round-trip times is within 10ms. The LTE technology has met the requirement of 4G services of providing ultra broadband internet services (Kumaravel, â€Å"Comparative Study of 3G and 4G in Mobile Technology†). The 4G telecommunication system is the latest wireless application of providing ultra speed internet services and has succeeded the 3G sys tem. It facilitates the users with the services for providing flawless connectivity at any time anywhere while accessing varied information as well as services. It also provides a better quality of services and it is be considered as ‘Always Best Connected’ service (Tellabs, â€Å"4G: The What, Why and When†). In the present day context, people are more attracted to technologies such as smartphones, laptops, notebooks as well as tablets which provide wireless connectivity facilities. The 3G services which facilitate varied applications for smartphones and with the introduction of tablets which require higher capacity as well as performance for better accessibility of varied information and services, there lay the importance of 4G services (Rysavy Research, LLC, â€Å"Transition to 4G†). Thesis Statement The discussion emphasizes on 3G as well as 4G wireless application technologies and the importance of the 4G system has increased with the advancement of t echnology. It will also emphasize on the advantages as well as disadvantages of these two wireless technologies. The implications of 4G system which provides ultra speed broadband service is assessed in the paper. Problem Description The 3G network system has been successfully integrated with the varied applications which are required for smartphones. The technology has advanced to an extent which requires enhanced performance as well as capacity. The 4G network system has been introduced for the new technologies such as tablets as well as notebooks for faster accessing the varied information as well as services. There are certain basic differences in between the 3G and 4G network services which are offered to the people worldwide. 3G is considered as the world’

Competition Commission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Competition Commission - Essay Example This protects the economy and consumers from unnecessary or unreasonable exploitation. The CC serves as a competition regulator under the BIS i.e. Business innovation and skills department. History and development The Competition Commission was created through the influence of the Competition Act 1998. Most of the powers of CC were governed by the Enterprise Act 2002. The CC replaced MMC (monopolies and mergers commission) in 1999. The powers and influence of the competition commission were enhanced. The commission was given the independence to make decisions and recommendations to the government after investigations. The commission makes enquiries and recommends the appropriate remedies arising from competition on the market. The Competition Commission is a public body. The commissions have been charged with a responsibility to ensure that major industries are regulated and a healthy competitive and fair relationship exists between companies, economy and consumers. The enquiry must be referred to the Competition Commission by other selected authorities. This ensures that the Competition Commission deals with merited cases.... The government aims at launching a more efficient body i.e. CMA (competition market authority) by the year 2014. This development shields the consumers from unhealthy business practices like monopolises that exploit consumers. Mission and aims Mission: working to create a better future every day. This includes developing new ways of conducting business leading to increases revenues while reducing environmental impact. Aims: Working with integrity Creating a positive impact in the society Doubling the size of the company while creating a better future Management structure and leadership Communication has a two-tire hierarchical management structure. The commission has a chief executive who works with a seven directors. The commission has strong legal advisors and enquiry teams to ensure all the stakeholders has direct access to the referral authorities when in needed of redress. The leadership has professional skills in corporate management and economic analysis (Bercusson & Estlund 2 008). The commission has set out a management structure capable of fostering faster decision making. The leadership and management structure is flexible in its response to external stimulus and stakeholder concerns. The structure makes it easier to relay advisory or arbitration information. Leadership team is empowered by the legislature to make strategic decisions based on the information from the market. Commission management must facilitate inclusive decision making and encourage teamwork (Leisering 2011). The information technology department must have the capacity to install platforms that enable the CEO to link with other directors within the commission. The management structure and leadership of

Retake exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retake exam - Essay Example However, increased activity leads to opening of air passages for more air. This leads to bronchodilation. 23. An infant born prior to 32 weeks gestation is likely to suffer from respiratory distress, a condition in which following the first breath the child is unable to re-inflate the lungs. What product is normally produced by the lungs to keep the lungs from collapsing upon themselves? 24. At about 34 weeks gestation specialized cells within the lungs begin to produce a lipid-rich detergent-like fluid that aids in maintaining inflation of the lungs. What cell are responsible for producing the fluids Compliance affects the expansion of the lung and hence only affects inspiration as reduced oxygen enters the lung. Expiration is not affected. Inspiration is only affected as the lung gets stiffer making it difficult for acquisition of oxygen. The law shows that indirect proportionality does not exist between gas and partial pressure. However, the law states that a gas that dissolves in any given liquid directly relates to the partial pressure. Breathing is a crucial process in human. In human, the action involves breathing in and out. This is accomplished due to the variation in pressure within the thorax as compared to the outside. The process also requires the use of muscles. The most essential muscles for the process are intercostals muscles located between the ribs (â€Å"Mechanism of Breathing 1†). Once human inhale the muscles and diaphragm contacts to expand the chest capacity. This causes the diaphragm to flatten. As a result, it moves downwards, and the intercostals muscles move the rib cage upwards and out. This significantly alters the air pressure. The increase in size leads to a reduction in the internal air pressure (â€Å"Mechanism of Breathing 1†). On the other hand, air from the outside moves into the lungs to equalize the pressures. In exhaling, the reverse takes place. The diaphragm together with the muscles relaxes

Inflation is here to stay, as prices will always go up Term Paper

Inflation is here to stay, as prices will always go up - Term Paper Example d fixed value in it, therefore, even if money was saved without using the banking system, it could purchase almost the same amount of goods fifteen to twenty years later compared to the time when it was first saved. Inflation started being experienced when the US decided to start using gold standards. Presently, when the government experiences shortfall in terms of cash, it purchases some from the Federal Reserve (Gosling & Eisner, 2013). The additional money that is put into circulation results in an imbalance between money and goods and consequently prices increase and inflation is experienced. There have been instances when inflation has been considered as invisible tax, as it is seen as the means used by the government to get free money from the public. The amount of commodities available might also drive the prices upwards, for instance, oil prices continue rising as a result of war in the major oil producing areas. The increase in prices is not entirely attributed to the war, b ut to the damage on the infrastructure including damaged pipelines and incapacitated refineries because of the war, which have led to a reduction in production, by almost fifty percent. The effects of inflation have thrown nations in to prolonged periods of instability and central banks always seek to be watchers of inflation. Numerous politicians have won elections through promising the electorate that they will fight inflation but they lose their positions when they are not able to achieve this (Perry, Serven & Suescun, 2008). At some point, President Gerald Ford made a declaration that inflation was public enemy number one in 1974. It is therefore important to understand that inflation denotes the rate of upsurge in prices through a specific time and is usually a wide measure like a universal intensification in prices or an upsurge in costs of living in a nation. However, it can also be narrowly calculated, for instances of particular commodities like food and tuition fees in

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay Example for Free

Health Care Delivery Systems Essay Abstract The American health care system is designed to focus on the organizations of individuals, places, and to treat and prevent adequate health care for the target populations. The federal government conducts an immense portion of delivering health care systems in our world today. The purpose for health care delivery systems is to provide financial tangible benefits and provide health care services for the population and institutions. The results showed for the support of the hypothesis is elaborating in the importance of different health care delivery systems and the purpose in how they are utilized in today’s health reform. Running Head: Health Care Delivery Systems Essay Health Care Delivery Systems Health care systems engage the initial contact of people and it is the foundation of primary health care. In order to receive primary health care it begins with providing a service to families, people, and communities through health professionals and their teams. The Health care delivery systems is involved with a proactive method to prevent health issues and to better ensure the organization and to investigate once a health issue has transpired. In addition, these type of services are publicly funded from general tax revenues without direct charges to the patient (Health Canada, 2011). The most two similar forms of health care delivery systems is managed care systems ex. (HMO) and fee for service (FFS). The fee for service plan is generally called Traditional Indemnity (Website 101, 2009). Fee for service offers flexible measures for the exchange of drastically high out of pocket expenses, it also requires a substantial amount of paperwork and premiums are high. Furthermore, some advantages are having the privilege in selecting hospitals and physicians of your own, and having the opportunity in receiving treatment from a specialist without a primary doctor referral. The disadvantages are high deductibles and the patient is responsible of paying twenty percent and the physicians are obligated to reimburse eighty percent of the expensive. Also, fee for service solely pays for â€Å"reasonable  and customary† health issues (website, 101). Doctors may have a different medical fee opposed to other areas, and the patients are obligated to pay their portion that is instated in health plan coverage. However, HMO is the less expensive and less flexible of all medical coverage’s. The advantages are consist of less paperwork and low copayments. It provides for a portion of improvement health preventive care plans. Unfortunately, there is disadvantages that the health care holder will experience with in choosing a PCP which is a primary care physician, and the HMO plan only accepts a network of their physicians or they will not stand up to the obligation of their financial transaction argument. In addition, in order for the client to see a specialist they must obtain a referral from their PCP. The expression Alternative Delivery Systems is created to entail all techniques of health care delivery systems barring acceptable fee-for-service and private practice like IPAs, PPOs, HMOs, and all other health care systems that provide health care of who conducts organized care systems. (http://aspe.hhs.gov/Progsys/forum/mcobib.htm). For example, Managed Care is a health care delivery system that merges payment and the delivery. It also accesses the use of treatments by engaging organization strategies creating to enhance the growth of cost-effective in the delivery of health care. Managed health care plan is a system that assimilates any management with in accordance of finance that delivers health care services of the covered population. In contrast, PPO also known Preferred Provider Organization is the delivery system that commits with medical care providers who gives discounted fees to clients. Nevertheless, clients have the opportunity to give health care to participants who are not members but can potentially become financial penalized due to any action of seeking out side providers and face consequences of not receiving discount and any deductibles of one’s health care plan and copayments. Goals of Health Care Delivery Systems. The reason HMO’s are unique because they prepaid and they are managed care systems that initially were health care alternative to fee-for-service health care. There goals is to obtain affordable and comprehensive health care coverage. This plan is conducted in advance by the option of a fixed fee from all members. Moreover, HMO delivers minimal cost for medical services that are needed for patients, and this health plan is responsible  in conducting the deliver and finance portion of the medical health care services. They also arrange to provide the essential medical care which includes the benefit packages. Prepaid Health Plans (PHP) is known to help make quality health care affordable for groups of people, including farmers, blue collar workers and their families† (Ahern, 2007) . In contrast, the traditional health care insurance only funds health coverage for hospital visits, and enrolled insures that receive health coverage in prepaid plans is charged a predetermined for acute and preventive health care from doctors who work in hospitals. As for PPOs, their health care philosophy originally was to create simple concepts in delivering health care services to large groups with lower rates in order to substantially gain a business development for their management. To emphasize, insures can select their own physician’s however penalties can potentially occur if they are not with the network. This form of health coverage is engaged in receiving adequate power with lower health care prices for their clients in the standing of the dense health care system in America. The fee for service (FFS) is ultimately focusing in creating options to approach paid private insurances to gain more control relating with time and the forms of treatment. FFS is designed to reflect on an ideal perspective for private health care plans, instead of government-administered pricing and giving proper recognition in private health care plans that can utilize health care organizations productively. This method will enhance quality and proficie ncy in delivering a regenerated approach in the health care industry (Nicolas, O’ Malley, 2007). Mission Statement If I had full control of conducting a health care delivery system I would focus in offering health care insurance for businesses, government organizations, people, families, groups, and schools. Also, I feel flexibility is significant for the process of selecting your own choice of primary doctors in the same network and receive great service with affordable payments. The health care delivery system will project and promote exceptional quality health care service is the HMO plan. This health plan will contribute in supporting by over exceeding expectations of all parties which includes employees, communities, work force, stake holders, investors, and customers.

The People of Rajasthan

The People of Rajasthan When this magnificent beauty Rajasthan entails into our minds, the very first visual of this grand state comes with the images of iridescent lights and a wide variety of energetic folk dances and enthusiastic music it also reminds us of the desert- stretches, the forts, palaces, the mighty warriors, and royal robes of the rajas and maharajas. Thinking of this princely state also memorises us through the magnificent beauty which is established through the architectural wonders of havelis. The word Rajasthan literary means the abode of kings. Its pre-independence name Rajputana meant the homeland of -the mighty Rajputs. An energetic and a vibrant state where royal glory and tradition meets the colors of this world, contradicting the vast area of desserts and sand lies a perfect blend of people, culture, tradition, music, architecture, cuisine all in one pot. Rajasthans vast ocean of sand is contradictory to the colourful and vibrant culture and tradition it possesses. Growing generatio ns have seen their cultivated culture of music, art and dance through ages. A vast and wonder-laced state with treasures more sublime than those of fable, the Land of the Kings paints a bold image People of Rajasthan There is always an inadequate knowledge of the place without knowing its people. Rajasthan is an anthropological mixture of people who come from varied variety of ethnic, economic, religious, social and cultural background. In the ancient times the caste of the person determined their profession. As times have changed it slowly has adopted a birth based caste system. Many caste and sub-caste reside in this grand state of Rajasthan. The warriors of the clan are the Hindu Rajput constitute major portion of the residents of Rajasthan. The Brahmins and the vaishya also form a part of it. The population also consists of the muslims, Sikhs ,jains and sindhis. Major portion of the livelihood of the tribes like Jat, Gurjar, Mali arises from agricultural based activities. Other are free to choose their profession by will. The dresses and the ornaments used and worn by the folks are greatly influenced by their caste, economic status, climate profession and also history. Culture of Rajasthan Music and folk dances of Rajasthan The living soul of the people lies in there folk music and dance which also add a glamour in their hard lives. People in this state are very fun loving and energetic. They have highly cultivated classical and folk dances which have been a part of their culture for growing generations now. Folk music flourished due to the kings of Rajputana who embodied music in their courts. The music constitutes different flavours of folk music, the hymns and prayers in praise of the Lord, the magnificent stories of the chivalry of the mighty Rajput emperors, the local folk dances and songs in praise of the rain God. The vibrant gay colours of the attire totally contradict to the backdrop of the plain coloured desert and invoke the feeling of engaging in the dance. All the traditionally based old dance forms are still practiced religiously. Some of the peculiar dance forms are kaibelia dance, Ghoomar dance, Chari dance, Kacchi -Ghodi , fire dance and terah taai. Other types of dances are enforsed during different occasions. Art and Craft of Rajasthan This state is well known for textiles, semi precious stones, handicrafts, traditional and colourful art. The local furniture has complex carving and bright colour. There are many prints like block prints, tie and die prints which are the major products which are exported from Rajasthan. The blue pottery in Jaipur is particularly famous all over the world. We are aware of how much this beautiful state has to offer to tourists. We have however chosen something very different and rare for our DIP research  project. We all know that havelis are architectural monuments built by the rich merchants and traders to show off their wealth, and built by the well  to do families in the 17th and 18th century to protect themselves from the extreme climatic conditions, in the region known as Shekhawati. In the semi arid dessert regions of Shekhawati, the day would be boiling hot and the nights would be as cold as freezing ice. The land and its people This region of Shekhawati lies roughly between Jaipur, Delhi and Bikaner in the state of Rajasthan. There is little of industrialization that takes place in this region and farming is poor. Some families leave this region due to failure in financial gains, but they return back to their birthplace: either for retirement or to settle down again. Among the few of them that return are the Rajputs, the Shekhawats (whose ancestor gave its name to this land). The Shekhawati region, unlike most other parts of Rajasthan was never a single kingdom; it remained a loosely held conderation of feudal principalities. The Shekhawati land, is known for its frescos. What sets this region completely apart are the eye-striking beautifully made frescos. This part of the desert was once a part of Aryavat, the land of the Aryans who spread too a great extent to the northern part of our country. Aryans, were the community that composed their sacred texts, the oldest in the world, which are the VEDAS here. It would also be interesting to know that archaeologists have found remains of sites contemporary with the Indus Valley civilization dating all the way back to 200 BC. Our topic for this research project is: Comparative study of architecture of Havelis and their impact on society today. This topic of the architecture of havelis has indeed interested us as a group and we would love to explore this aspect of Rajasthan. It has a massive huge number of ancient havelis situated in the region of Shekhawati, where we plan to visit and study and carry out an  analysis of the different havelis The comparative study will be based on the  Architecture of the haveli The interior (frescos, murals, paintings, inscriptions The exterior (sculptures, doorways, bhaitak -seating area, hathi pol-entrances The way it has been constructed (Muslim, Hindu , Brahmin, Rajput) If the Haveli has been constructed keeping in mind the Vaastu (which will not be the same for the havelis that are owned by a different caste If the haveli has been constructed according to the climatic changes The materials that were used to construct the havelis According to us, this topic has a lot to offer to us because each one of us in the group have been interested in the tiny minute details of   havelis. Havelis do differ from one another on a very huge scale even though they are not always thought of as the same kind. Where we plan to go, which havelis? We first plan to visit an area known as Fatehpur. This town is well known for its really high quality of frescos. The havelis we plan to study here are: Gopiram Jalam haveli. Nand lal Devra haveli. Jagannath Singhania haveli. Our next town of visit will be a region known as Nawalgarh. A town where one can witness a mix of Rajput and European architecture. The havelis we do wish to analyze in this region are: Radheshyam Murarka haveli. Pannalal Mansingka haveli. This brings us to an interesting question, what exactly are Havelis? Haveli as a term used commonly has its named derived from a long traced back Arabic origin of the word `hawoleh meaning partition.   a related word `hawaleh has a slightly different meaning which is `all round or `round about. Through the ages the word havelis has taken  different forms. Though for Persian it had the same meaning as the word hawaleh but with the mughals arriving the word havelis changed into being a partition to a piece of land (this is very similar to the word estate whcich is used in the English language). Since the beginning of the origin of the havelis its definition is only limited to the physical characteristics which makes it inadequate. So far the  closest definition of the word haveli is given by the prince of Whales museum, Mumbai. A havelis generally means a mansion. But in totality, it  symbolizes generation who articulated their life style that includes architecture, customs and manners, `of course arts, crafts and music. The  havelis however are the official residences of umraos, princes, thakurs and others such as dhabhai, purohit and sethji who were given a special  status by the rana. Havelis has an official recognition The term HAVELI is an essentially north Indian concept, and the Persian term implies an enclosed space. The havelis were not just built for residential purposes. Their construction increased on a massive scale, because they were in a way known as objects of self-esteem, in a race to score against each other. They got more lavish and they also borrowed elements of Indo-Saracenic architecture that was standing out among the principal British settlements. Havelis in Rajasthan was primarily developed in 16th century to differentiate their life style from common people. The 2 broad classifications of  havelis in Rajasthan were- Rajput havelis and Marwari havelis while the other havelis were mainly based on the caste and occupation. Accordingly  there were havelis of the Brahmin caste, Muslim havelis, and havelis of other Hindu sub castes. A basic identification of havelis in any medieval  town of Rajasthan is possible by identifying the original owner, his official status, architecture, paintings on the walls of the havelis, sculptures  interiors, etc;