Impact of Financial Sector Development on Nigeria

Impact of financial Sector emergence on Nigeria involve OF FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ON SECTORIAL GROWTH IN NIGERIA IMPLICATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIASECTION ONE knowledgeablenessBasic exclusivelyy, the banking bea and the non-bank institutions switch up the monetary schema in Nigeria which is obligated for the using of scotch suppu dimensionn in the Country. During the pre-lib termlization era (from 1986 and below), government had ample monetary resources to finance a reasonable proportion of scotchal activities (Adegbite, 2005). However, this era suffered from artificially low cost of commercial credit resulting in out or keeping(p) pricing of credit and gear ups, acute scarcity of loanable currency in the clay and lastly low level of capital formation for sparing evolution. Studies uncover that the flow of credit to the priority domains did not meet the prescribed targets and failed to regard positively on output and domestic prices (Nnanna, 2001 Mordi, 2009).In an attempt to make the fiscal sphere of influence buoyant, the government decided to deregulate and liberalize all the spheres of the economy as outlined in the Structural Adjustment schedule introduced in1986. During this period, interest governs were low and this eased the flow of credit to the desire empyreans of the economy. By 1992, the number of banks had risen from 56 in 1986 to 120 and a ability utilization localize of 38.1%, while the gross domestic product range stood at 2.9%. Due to the banking distress from 1994 to 2002, the total number banks dwindled to 99. However, the capacity utilization travel to 48% with an increased growing rate of 4%. This was due to recapitalization mathematical ope proportionalityn undertaken by the primordial buzzword of Nigeria (CBN) to sustain the fiscal sector, hence, making it competitive.In 2004, the consolidation exercise made the banking industry a leading pseudo in the actualization of the aspirations set by the government for the guinea pig sparing Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) programme. In 2009, as part of the extensive frugal measures to respond to the adverse military issues of the global fiscal and economicalal crises, the CBN in conjunction with the fiscal authorities engineered measures to avert a fragmentise of the pecuniary administration with a view to maintaining economic emergence (Odeniran and Udeeaja, 2010). Unfortunately, the allow for of credit to investors remains questionable as capacity utilization rate is still low (50%), so, retarding economic ingathering with GDP of 7.5%. Despite the change magnitude maturements within the pecuniary sector, economic growth still lags behind. A bay window of studies live with examined the nexus mingled with monetary sector victimization and economic growth on an aggregative approach. However, their studies did not look at the ad hoc sectors which monetary go againstment influences in Nigeria, for example, agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, industrial sector and the orthogonal sector. Hence, a fundamental question that arises is to find out whether a necktie exists surrounded by financial sector maturation and economic growth.Going to specifics, this excogitate aims at answering the following questionsWhat is the effect of financial sector victimisation on the agricultural sector in Nigeria?What is the effect of financial sector development on manufacturing sector in Nigeria?What is the effect of financial sector development on industrial sector in Nigeria?What is the effect of financial sector development on the outdoor(a) sector in Nigeria?What are the constraints associated with financial sector development in Nigeria? explore ObjectivesThe main nonsubjective of this work is to investigate the link between the financial development and economic growth in Nigeria. The specific objectives areTo examine the impact of financial sector development on the agricultural sector in Nigeria.To investigate the effect of financial sector development on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.To analyze the impact of financial sector development on the industrial sector in Nigeria.To think over the effect of financial sector development on the external sector in Nigeria.To identify the constraints associated with financial sector development in Nigeria.Theoretical brush upThe relationship between financial sector development and economic growth covers a broad spectrum of ideas such as intermediation, repression, liberalization, regulation, variegation, innovations, reforms and implementation.Though financial systems are mere intermediaries that insure the optimum allocation of nest egg for investing (Chick, 1998), however, they play a decisive exercise in the process of economic development (Stiglitz, 1998). These views are upheld by the pre- centralnesians and in any type recognized by the post-Keynesians, though with some degree of discordance.Keynes in the thirties hypothesized that finance precedes savings (Zina and Trigui, 2001). However, the basic import of the post- Keynesians such as Asimakopulos (1983), Kregel (1984-5), Davidson (1986), Richardson (1986) and Terzi (1986), in their chronological analysis, signal that savings apparently appears to be a byproduct in the process of the income creation. Two important theories that emerged in 1973 and have lend credence to the Keynesian hypothesis are the McKinnons Complementarity Hypothesis and Shaws Debt Intermediation View. In their thesis they both argued that the repressed financial markets (low and administered interest rates, domestic credit controls, high reserve requirements and concessional credit practices) discourages savings, retards the efficient allocation resources, increases the segmentation of financial markets, constrains investment and in turn lowers the economic growth rate (see, Bouzid, 2012). These fundamental ideas of McKinnon-Sh aw are enshrined in the Repression Theory and thus depict a positive relationship between interest rate and financial development. However, a number of authors feel that liberalizing the financial systems is the ultimate goal for investment and economic activities thus complimenting the McKinnon-Shaw thesis. Many developing countries have implement financial liberalization policies by means of the market-based interest rate determination, reducing controls on credit by gradually eliminating the directed and subsidized credit schemes, developing primary and secondary securities markets, enhancing competition and efficiency in the financial system by privatizing nationalized commercial banks with the aim of eliminating repressed regimes as suggested by the rest Theory.Two other hypotheses that explain financial development and economic growth are the Supply Leading Hypothesis and Demand pastime Hypothesis, in line with the views of Patrick (1966) and Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (2008 ) postulate a feedback weapon between economic growth and financial development. According to the supply-leading hypothesis, financial deepening stimulates economic growth. The demand-following hypothesis on the other hand, posits economic growth precedes financial development. This implies advancements in economic activities trigger an increase demand for more financial function and thus leading to greater financial sector development (Gurley and Shaw 1967), withal in line with the views of Goldsmith (1969) and Jung (1986).A positive relationship between financial sector development and economic growth has largely been project by Exogenous ingathering Models as well as endogenetic ripening Models. Bencivenga and Smith (1991) and Levine (1991) endogenous growth models to a greater accomplishment have identified the channels through which financial markets affect semipermanent economic growth. The end result of this model is that economic growth public presentation is relate d to financial development, technology and income distribution (see, Chukwuka, 2012).The growth models veritable by Harrod and Domar affirm the role of investment in economic growth, based on the dual characteristics of investment Firstly, investment creates income Demand force play and secondly, it augments the productive capacity of the economy thereby increasing its capital stock Supply Effect. In summary, the Harrod-Domar growth model postulates that economic growth will pass away at the rate which society can mobilize domestic savings resources coupled with the productivity of the investment (Somoye, 2002).Empirical ReviewSubstantial literature have analyzed the link that exist between financial system development and economic growth. These analyses have raised a lot affray on the direction of former, but however fall within the remits of the theories. First, the Harrod-Domar growth model leads to a hypothesis which affirms a one-way causality from financial development t o economic growth. Second, there is unidirectional causality from growth to finance, by trial and error confirmed by Shan, et al (2001) who concluded that economic growth causes financial development in China. And the third which does not rule out a bi-directional causality between economic growth and financial development as hypothesized in early and recent literature (Gurley and Shaw 1960, 1967 Bencivenga and Smith, 1991).Measuring financial development as the ratio of financial intermediary assets divided by crude national product, Goldsmith (1969) analyzed data from thirty- quintuplet countries for the period 1860-1963 and discover that a positive correlation with feedback effects existed between financial development and economic growth over longer periods. He however open that financial development largely occurs during the early stages of economic development when countries have low levels of income. De Gregor and Guidotti (1995) reached the comparable conclusion that fi nancial development and economic growth are strong in the early stages of development but raise showed that the effect of financial development on growth puzzles weaker as countriesbecome more developed, perhaps because of problems with measuring financial development or because financial intermediaries actually have larger effects in less developed countries than in more developed ones and this is in line with the findings of Wachtel and Rousseau (1998) while considering five industrialized Countries. These argument has been debunked in the finding of Besci and Wang (1997) who reached the conclusion that even though financial development occurs and may precede economic growth, its direction of causality is unclear in an economic sense.In a similar work, Rousseau and Sylla (1999) go on found strong support for finance led growth afterward examining the historical role of finance in the U.S from 1790-1850.Empirical studies have shown that financial development can lead to economi c growth only through financial sector development at the micro level. For instance, Rajau and Zingales (1998) in their study showed that industrial sectors that relatively need more external finance develop more disproportionately faster in countries with more developed financial markets. Beck and Levine (2002) supported this finding using different financial development measures. Wurgler (2000) illustrious that countries with a higher level of financial development increase investment more in growing industries and decrease investment more in declining industries than financially underdeveloped economies.In Nigeria, Adelakun (2010), used the ordinary least squares approximation method to determine the perceived relationship between financial development and economic growth. The result showed that there is a substantial positive effect of financial development on economic growth in Nigeria, however, this requires diversification of financial instruments. Shittu (2012) using data from 1970 to 2010 employed the error correction mechanism also concluded that financial intermediation can propel economic growth in Nigeria. These findings are contrary to earlier studies. For instance, Ndebbio (2004), using an ordinary least squares regression analysis, established that the strength of the effect of financial sector development on per capita growth of output is weak due to the absence of a well functioning capital market, while Nnanna (2004) using the same approach concluded that financial sector development did not importantly affect per capita growth of output.Odeniran and Udeaja (2010) tested the nexus between financial development in a VAR framework over the period 1960-2009. Their results suggest bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth variable. Based on this finding, they indicate that the current reforms in the Nigerian banking sector should not be emphasized unilaterally. Rather, attention should be given to the favourab le and coordinated development of financial reforms and changes in the actually sector of the economy. methodology and Source of DataChoosing the indicators for financial development is an uphill task because the prep of financial services is broad. Adelakun (2010) noted that, there is a diverse line up of agents and institutions involved in the financial intermediation activities, thus making the interpretation of proxies difficult. Thus, for simplicity this study shall adopt Erdal et. al (2007) model, which is a slight variety of the growth model of Ram (1999). Thus, the model shall be adopted to admit the different sectors to be investigated. financial development indicators to be considered are notes supply to GDP ratio (M2) measures the degree of monetization in the economy as well as the depth of the financial sector, bank deposit liabilities to GDP ratio(BK), determines the capacity of the banking sector, domestic credit to GDP ratio (DC), which reflects the extent to which financial intermediaries allocate savings, ratio of private sector credit to GDP ratio (PS) which profitable investments, monitor managers, facilitate risk management, and mobilize savings, real interest rate (Ri), the ratio of bank liquidity to GDP (BKL), the ratio of gross fixed capital formation to GDP (GFC), trade receptivity as a ratio of GDP (TO) is a measure of external sector, agriculture out to GDP ratio (AG) for the agriculture sector, GY, which is the annual growth of the gross domestic product (GDP), industrial output to GDP ratio (IO) and manufacturing to GDP ratio (MA).The different model specifications areAnd the overall financial growth link is given asA Priori ExpectationThe evaluate signs of all the coefficients for the different variables are positive except for the interest rate coefficients which are negative.Source of DataThe data shall be collected from the Central Bank of Nigerias statistical bulletin, Nigerias National Bureau of Statistics and orbi t Bank world development report.ReferencesAdelakun, O (2010) fiscal Sector Development and economical evolution in Nigeria.International Journal of economical Development research and enthronisation Vol. 1, No 1.Adegbeti, E. 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