Functionalism: Sociology and Social Order

The practicableist model of how parliamentary procedure whole shebang has many limitations and hardly a(prenominal) strengths. Explain and also asses this diorama. By Sadhana sanba In the study of sociology, functionalist perspective is a view of lodge t don focuses on the path various parts of golf-club have functions and live in a consensus that maintain the stability and genial order of the unit of measurement. Functionalist model of how friendship works tends to focus to be an organized, stable, well integrated outline , in which most members agree on basic apprises which is as called value consensus.However, functionalist theory along situation the other school of theories such as marrxism (conflict theory) and interactionism is criticized for having many limitsaitons of explaining thew cordial phenomenon of its working. Herbert spencer an early functionalist and later emile Durkheim compargons the working of society to the primitive analogy and the way a biologi cal organisms works. Any organisms has a structure- that is , a set of inter-related components, such as head, limbs, a heart lungs and so on.Each of these parts has functions that is a positive and need consequence for the whole system. In th3ee same way, spencer argued , a society has structure. Its inter-related parts ar family, religion, values and norms, friendly elements and so on. Ideally,hence, each of these componenets also has a function that contributes to the boilers suit stability of social system. However, the analogy has many . limmits. it is difficult for use to comp be the way organisms grow to the way society grows and diversify. Is therea social equivalent to the DNA the genetic program present in every species?Does a society really have a series of complementary institution together to make the whole function smoothly to the mutual benefit of all? Although, Modern-structural-functionalism does not press the analogy mingled with a society and an organism an d has subsequently been much refined and modified, however, the functionalist view of how society works still has few strength only Talcott Parson(1951) argues that any society has four functional needs or pre-requisites that need to be met for it to survive these are adaptation ,goal attainment, integration and latency (AGIL).However , his model of societys working has been havily criticized for being bland abd fruitless by the way arsons went about examining society. Parsons also tried to show how consensus based on shared values is essential to social order. He also concluded that the stratified system is historic in mainting consensus in society which, in the other way, conflict theory of karl marx describes as inequality.Parsons and Durkheim ostensibly saw social inequality stratification as a necessary and universal feature of society and that inequality could be mitigated by the prevalence of social mobility completely disregarding the fact that social inquality in a soci ety is a key source of social conflict and dominancy. Also, the functional view of assuming the humans of a meritocratic society i. e, a society where everyone has a equal luck og achieving high social status and reward is not contextual.This kind of role and effects only works if many other features of society are ignored and even distorted.. here, Melvin Tumin (1953) argues that how and why are some social position assumed to be functionally more important than others ? Who decided and how ? The concept of functional satisfication is value laden and deciding which postions are functionally more important than others cannot be done objectively for example the payment that the top football stars in the Uk and the earnings of the prime minister in the same country. The players ears sixer times mored than the political figure .Hence, society always cannot be induced by the material rewards and functional theory maybe dysfunctional and damaging it may generate conflict and antagonism between social strata rather than furthering social integration to which Weberain view explains the dynamics of stratification in modern society with existence of conflicts between owners and workers creating white collar and blue collar workers. Functional view of creating social order an important model of society ,has been criticized for its limitation on the fact that it serves only the selfish ambitions of the rich and powerful.As Durkhein believes t hat society is in its essence its moral codes . The rules and order, the degree competitiveness between people and governmental conducts alleviate to cement and build social order he called them the mechanical and organic principles of solidarity . The description of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity provides insides about the basic way of forming social order in society which in face scoop shovel Weber argues is more applicable and impliable only in the industrial complex societies and is criticized by Marx for disre garding the miserable , scotchally weak and proletariat as in his words, society.Hence, the phenomenon of collective conscience and value consensus the functionalist theory implies in one way or other inherently conservative that is focused only on a particular social theme. It does not consider that order and conflict exist side by side and as Marx judges is achieved through the domination by the few over the many, and that domination is possible because it reflects the economic great deal of the groups which is constantly unstable as it is based on equality and continuing conflict of interest between those who own the means of production and who dont.In the same way interactionist view of how society works emphasizes that members of societies are not just constrained in their everyday lives by moral codes or by economic relationships but that each individual are actors in each situation they negotiate or tarry to which is also simplifiedly said situational interaction Hence, functionlist perspective is limited with logical problem it embraces,if something in society is recurrent, functionlist say that it must be meeting a need.Functionalism lacks any real power to explain social change or changes. It leans heavily towards describing society in a stable condition and seems to emphasizes the status- quo the media reflect all views, women are domestically oriented, marriages are happy, all individualist are ladened by values and norms that they internalize limiting into it to create social order and so on.Functionalist risk the temptation of dismissing disruptive changes as dysfunctional, even if those changes are necessary, inevitable and beneficial in the long run However functionalist theory perspective is useful in explaining the functions or consequences, that a given element has in society which contribute the stability of the social system as a whole and hence, therefore, insights human beings of their existence and role in a society. Posted byingsa maat906 AM 1 comment 1. BuzzerOctober 9, 2011 931 AM It really helped me a lot. ReplyDelete Add comment