Does the term “Bible Belt” still remain true for Southern states? Essay

Does the term Bible Belt still remain aline for randomnessern states? Did Facing the Giants depict religious sustenance in the mho accurately? From before I can remember, I was attending church and a part of childrens musicals. Church is like a atomic number 42 home and a huge aspect of my life. Religion is a customary ground for many Southerners, and is a place to gather and catch up with one another, while in other parts of the country it tends to be a touchy topic. Religion is one of many aspects that developed the South into what it is known for today. Facing the Giants, by Alex Kendrick, effectively represents the role of pietism in the South through the literal translation of the Bible, the role it advances to play in daily lives, and how the South still embodies religious aspects.Facing the Giants is a biblically ground movie made by Sherwood Baptist Church of Albany, Georgia about religion and football. The film stars Coach Taylor, a mediocre football coach, fo r Shiloh Christian Academy Eagles. Every involvement is falling apart for Coach Taylor his car continually breaks down, he is the reason his wife cannot become pregnant, and he is on the verge of be fired. With all of these things confronting him, he covers to the Bible, puts his life in Gods hands, and his life dramatically changes . He and the football team decide they are press release to play football to glorify God and not necessarily to make thus, whether they win or lose, they will glorify God. This change impacts the players, which in turn impacts the school, and a revival transpires. The Eagles play their next football game and win. They continue to win and make it to the semi-final round of the state playoffs. Sadly they lose in the semi-finals to the Panthers but still gl... ...characteristic traits of religion in the South and does a salient job at giving insight to the significance and importance it has in the culture. As times are shifting and cultures are changing, the one thing that remains constant in the South is religion. Works CitedFacing the Giants. Dir. Alex Kendrick. Perf. Alex Kendrick, Shannen Fields, and Jason McLeod. Sony, 2006. DVD.Hook, wade F. Religious Regionalism The Case Of Lutherans In The South. Review Of Religious Research 27.1 (1985) 77. donnish Search Premier. Web. 6 Feb. 2012.Wilson, Charles Reagan. Religion In The Southern States A historic Study. Religious Studies Review 16.3 (1990) 205-210. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials. Web. 6 Feb. 2012.Wilson, Charles Reagan and Mark Silk. Religion and world Life in the South in the Evangelical Mode. Oxford AltaMira Press, 2005. Print.

Article Critique Genetically Modified Food Essay

The article by Amin, Jahi and Nor was conducted in Malaysia to find out the stakeholders military strength to genetic onlyy modified viandss and medicine (1). In particular, the investigators were interested to know the positioning towards GM insulin/medicine, GM palm anele and GM soybean. They designed the hear as a resume with 1017 respondents. They found that the Malayan stakeholders are conservative about the genetically modified foods. They agreed that genetically modified foods set out savvyd benefits but at the same time they were concerned about the honorable aspects and risks associated with the GM Foods.A closer analysis revea guide difference stakeholders attitudes towards GM foods. Title The title stakeholders attitude to genetically modified foods and medicine was accurate and give noticely thought out. Readers are easily informed of what to expect as they compel with the field of operations findings. However, the title missed on the study area. A good ti tle must inform readers where the study is conducted. Abstract The researchers espouse non structure reverse. They were able to school principal out the background leading to the study, the settle of survey, research approaches they used trough the study and the findings.With regard to this they managed to give a brief overview of the research J is 2 and yet letting readers know what their study entailed and what they found out. A structured abstract would have been more desired as it enlists each of the study sections. However, depending with the journal requirements and authors interests they preferred non structured abstract to one that is structured. Purpose of the Study The investigators clearly pointed out the aim of the study. They assessed and compared the attitudes of the Malaysian stakeholders living in the Klang Valley towards genetically modified insulin, palm oil and soybeans.This was influenced by the findings from the other studies. For instance, other studies r evealed that the advancement in technology led to increased production of GM Foods. In addition, they found that biotechnology is one of the five major technologies that are planned to speed industrialization in Malaysia. However, owing to the divisive debate on genetically modified foods, the researchers proverb the need for this study. Therefore, it has clear cut intent of telling where Malaysians attitudes leans and what measures should be delegate in place to better their attitude.Research Approaches The investigators adopted a well defined research approach. They designed the study as a survey which was conducted from June, 2004 to February, 2005. The sample size was 107 respondents above 18 years. They were selected through stratification take in which enabled the generalization of the findings and minimized biased that could result from sample selection. In addition, they amass the data through administering questionnaire and ensured that reliability and validity of the s tudy are all accounted for.However, the researchers did not tell the readers how they met the ethical principles, especially principles of ethics of beneficence and Jones 3 justice. They didnt point out whether they consulted any ethical institution or whether they sought consent before recruiting the respondents. Results The study findings were reproducible with the objective. The findings centered on six dimensions of the stakeholders attitudes including moral concerns, perceived benefits, familiarity, encouragement, risk acceptance and perceived risks. From the findings it was clear that majority of the stakeholders were not familiar with the ternion GM products.It was more strike when the findings indicated that biology students were more familiar with the GM palm oil and GM soybeans than religious scholars. The findings further established that stakeholders are moderately concerned with the moral aspects of the GM products, moderately perceive the products as risky and moder ately perceive the GM products as beneficial. All the same they encouraged the use of the three products, with most stakeholders supportive of GM palm oil. These findings were consistent with the other studies. For instance, in China, study by Zhang et al.(19) indicated that consumers were not familiar with GM products yet domestic help consumption of GM soybeans was about 18% of the interviewees that were consuming soybeans. In addition, the findings were consistent with earlier studies by ISAAA-UIUC (14-15) which found that Asians accept GM foods but at the same acknowledge the risks they pose to health. Based on these consistencies, the study met the unfeelingness of trustworthiness, applicability and reliability. The conclusions were drawn from the study. The investigators concluded that the Malaysian stakeholders attitude on GM products was cautious.Indeed, this is in tandem with the findings that the stakeholders moderately perceive the GM products as twain beneficial and J ones 4 detrimental to health. In addition the implications of the study were report in the conclusion. They noted that the biotechnologists should assess the moral aspects, risks and benefits of the GM foods and thereafter engage the public on acceptance of the products before considering commercialization of the products. However, the researcher failed to point out the limitations of the study as well as the areas that need further research.Work CitedAmin, Latifah Jahi, Jamaluddin and Nor Abd. Stakeholders attitude to GM foods and medicine. The Scientific World Journal. 2013. Jones 5 multinational Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), The social and cultural dimensions of rustic biotechnology in Southeast Asia public understanding, perceptions, and attitudes towards biotechnology in Phillipines. ISAAA. Publications. Zhang, Xi Huang, Jin Qiu, Ha and Huang, Zheng. A consumer segmentation study with re gards to genetically modified food in urban China. Food Policy. 355. 2010.

Mind Control Essay

Have you ever notched around a shopping kernel intending to go to only atomic number 53 caudex, yet two hours later youre still in the m each and you havent walked into the only store you planned to go into? What pulled you into the other stores? You were just walking down and all of a sudden you smelled a whiff of some good scent, so you walk into Abercrombie and Fitch. The smell hooked you in and then you began looking at clothes and the time just got the best of you and your money. Abercrombie and Fitch used a form of mind make to hook you in and get you to walk into their store and then buy their product. Today we will discuss the radical of mind control, how it affects us as students today, and how the media shapes our ideals and values with mind control. Mind control is defined in psychology as Social Influence. Social submit occurs either minute of every day. Its the many ways in which people hatful manipulate other peoples perspectives beliefs and ethics.For instance , The deference Method is intent to make a shift in a persons behavior, not in his perspective or belief. This is one of the biggest advertising campaigns that ar being used so successfully today. Its the Just do it approach. Persuasion, on the other hand, aims for a change in attitude, or Do it because it will make you feel Blissful, Healthy, or prosperous. Whereas the information Method (which is called the propaganda method if you dont believe what is being taught.) attempts to transform a distortion in a persons beliefs, facial expression something along the lines of Do it because you know its the right thing to do. A common way that millions of people get brainwashed as new-fashioned adults is as being students. Grading, necrosis, favoritism and other techniques, are used in nigh school systems to punish and reward certain behaviors and ideas. An abundance beat of churls picture in school for example, that they are secondary, stupid, inadequate, untalented , and fail ures thanks to absentmindedness or mean brainwashing done by teachers, who are commonly themselves brainwashed.Students furthermore learn not to be creative, not to question authority, not to be individuals or do things that differ from the mainstream way. Subconsciously they dread the disciplinary action and humiliation that came when they were in school years before. This is mainly the reason many adults are afraid to ask their questions and thereafter never learn new things. This check into affects thousands worldwide and limits adult intellectual growth. Perhaps the most powerful, yet the least(prenominal) recognized form of brainwashing is in the media. The media affects our thought patterns, expectations, priorities and relationships. The advertising effort influences parents by making them feel that they can buy their childrens love. They effect this through linking love and guilt with the purchase of products.Instead of being a good parent, they minimize theyre guil t by buying their kid the newest product on the market. Parents spend approximately 16 hours a calendar week with their children while theyre children spend about 40 hours a week on any sort of media. This shocking statistic shows just exactly what is most influential in a childs life. The media especially preys on kids and teens under the age of 24, because this is when theyre brains are most impressionable. Youve probably spy many teenagers imitating the dress and even the speech patterns of the rich and famous. Take the Kardashians for example, how many girls do you see trying to talk like Kim or look like Kyle?Isnt it scary how easily influenced we are by whats going on around us? Brainwashing happens every minute of every day. Whether its from the constant media were always hooked into, our training or just the society we are living in today. in a flash that we are aware of whats going on around us, we can make sure we agree with what is being fed to us and not just do it because were told it will make us feel a certain way, because its the right thing to do, or just do it because everyone else is.

Tuesdays with Morrie TEST Prep

wherefore does Mitch feel guilty ab place his brother, fussfucker? A. He wasnt there for him when he was last. B. Peter had cancer, but Mitch thought he shouldve been the one and only(a) to get cancer. C. Mitch was Jealous of Peter. D. Mitch stole rough topic from him before he died. 2. Why does register feel it is important to accept our death early in life? A. So we can appreciate life and our loved ones B. So we can kick the bucket life to the fullest C. It will minimize having regrets in life D. All of the above 3.During Matchs first visit with biography, What does he sop up about his own life? A. Hes too caught up in mesh and making money. B. story wasnt a good influence on him. C. He is enjoying life and doesnt like to work. D. He shouldnt concern himself on everything 4. What does memoir typify by the quote, love each other or die? A. In life it helps if you love someone. B. biography would be dead with his wife. C. If we do not sport love, we have nothing D. L ove isnt important. 5. What does the pink hibiscus plant lay out? A. The natural human life cycle B. Morriss diseaseC. Matchs life D. Eves death 6. What does story tell Mitch it is K to do? A. Cry B. Eat dinner without him C. vacate early D. Stay late 7. Why did it bother Memoir that one day someone else would have to wipe his behind? A. Because it made him unbalanced B. He saw it as a sign of weakness C. He saw it as the ultimate sign of dependency D. Because it smells 8. In Tuesdays with Memoir, who was Morriss first interview with? A. Katie Court B. Barbara Walters C. Ted Copper D. Hugh Downs 9. In Tuesdays with Memoir, what did Mitch think he would die of? A. CancerB. Loneliness C. ALLS D. Heart disease 10. What condition did Memoir have? B. Heart disease D. A stroke 11 . How did Memoir bear visitors? A. By sitting outside B. Leading discussion groups on dying C. Looking at old photos D. Reading through books 12. What was Morriss favorite thing to do? A. Going to the movies B. Dancing C. Puzzles D. Writing novels 13. What instrument did Mitch play? A. Guitar B. fiddle C. Tuba D. Piano 14. What were the words used by Memoir some mornings, when he felt bitter and angry? A. I want to live B. My life is done already C.Why do I bother move D. Im giving up today 15. How would you render Memoir? A. Strong B. opposed C. Bitter D. Mean 16. This story would be considered a A. Autobiography B. annals C. Short-story D. Narrative 17. What were Matchs overwhelming desires for Memoir during his college years? A. Hug him B. Get out of his class C. Give him a napkin D. Both a and b 18. Who was the first person to ever interview Memoir? A. Ted Copper B. A Boston Globe Reporter C. Michelle D. Morriss Close Friend 19. How many aphorisms did Memoir have? A. 50+ B. 100+ c. 90 D. 78 20.What character feature would most fit Michelle? A. Hard-working B. Determined C. Lazy D. Ambitious 21 . Who was asked to fall out over someones kids? A. A cousin B. Memoir C. The uncle D. Michelle 22. What university did Memoir teach at? A. Stanford B. Brandeis C. Princeton D. Berkeley 23. In what month did Memoir die? A. December B. November C. October D. January 24. What allowed Mitch to spend date with Memoir? A. He got ALLS B. A new Job C. A report publisher strike D. He was fired 25. What item did Mitch give to Memoir at his college graduation? A. A book B. A picture of them togetherC. Food D. A briefcase 26. What college subject did Memoir teach? A. Sociology B. Global Studies C. Veterinary D. Philosophy 27. What newspaper did Memoir work for? A. Detroit Free Press B. Memoir didnt work for a newspaper C. Nightline D. Michigan Times 28. Memoir appeared on what TV expose? A. 60 Minutes B. Nightline C. The Collect Report D. The Ted Copper Show 29. What was Morriss fathers, Charlie, occupation? A. Newspaper writer B. Architect C. Waiter D. Factory worker 30. If Memoir could be reincarnated into any animal of choice, his choice would be A. Fish B. HyenaC. Ga zelle D. genus Grus 31 . What was Morriss final course about? A. How to Dance B. Political wisdom C. Acceptance of Following Whatever Culture Tells You D. The Meaning of Life 32. Eva was A. Morriss mother B. Matchs step-mother C. Morriss step-mother D. Matchs uncle Part B avowedly/False 33. The book reflected from present to past. A. True B. False 34. Everything Memoir did made him cry. 35. Memoir wanted pity from his friends and family. 36. Memoir and Michelle called each other Tuesday People because they always met on Tuesdays during Michelle college years. 37.Michelle didnt feel non-white for Memoir. 38. Michelle called Memoir coach as a nickname. 39. Memoir was okay with his professor/friend dying? 40. Memoir always showed great passion when explaining how to compositors case the end of life. 41 . Michelle was influenced a lot by Memoir. Part C Short Answers 42. Describe your overall opinion and or view of how Memoir accepted his diagnosis. Use at least 3 examples from the story. 43. Would you have the effectivity and mind to live the same way as Memoir did? 44. Would you describe Memoir as weak or strong about his slur? Why or why not? Explain.

Crucible Belonging Essay

Individual Text Record Sheet for AOS belong human action sounding for Alibrandi Composer Melina Marchetta Form and text type Novel Publication figure 1992 Context Set in 1992, Sydney, Australia, surrounding the secluded Italian community. interview Young adults Purpose To educate young adults on the stresses and losses of look and how, through reflection, they can set you free. Brief synopsis of text Looking for Alibrandi foc pulmonary tuberculosiss on one girl and the shame her familys indiscretions provoke brought on them.Throughout h HSC year, her father returns, she falls in love, loses a conversancy and discovers the truth of her identity. List four textual features that convey the concept of Belonging (techniques) 1. Humour Humour is hired in Looking for Alibrandi to convey Josies ethnic connections to food such as pizza and pasta, as shown when Josie is having a conversation with her father who asks if she likes pizza to which she replies, What a ridiculous question. I conceive of youre vent to ask me if I like pasta next. The use of sarcasm by Josie, clearly demonstrates the humour in the novel by dismissing her fathers question as the answer should be obvious. This sets the derriere for the father- miss kindred to develop. 2. Characterisation In the novel the characters personalities are reflected through the use of stereotypes. This is best shown through Nonna and Jacob. Nonna is a stereo exemplary Italian grandmother, who operosely clings to her cultural heritage to the extent where all her furniture is Italian. Jacob, on the other hand, is the typical rebel.He is part of a gang, gets into trouble often and rides a motorcycle. The stereotyping of Nonna shows her strong connection to her Italian heritage whereas the impression of Jacob demonstrates his lack of connection to his Australian background. 3. Imagery Imagery is used in Looking for Alibrandi after Josies friend John Barton commits suicide, where she starts to guide hallucinati ons of mastering him, particularly at interchange Station which was their meeting place. Johns death has had a coarse impact on Josie as she begins to feel like she has no friends and olibanum isolated from people.She also experiences anger that he would kill himself instead of going to her for help. The imagery seduces the connection that Josie feels to other people besides John Barton and begins to create familys with other people. 4. Irony In the novel, Nonna has a disapproving attitude towards her daughter due to Josie being born out of wedlock. This sets up the irony in the novel as Nonna cheated on her husband resulting in the birth of Josies mother making her very hypocritical. This is evident when Josie finds out Youre a liar You slept with him.You slept with Marcus Sandford. The use of irony causes the strain in Nonna and Christinas mother-daughter relationship and sees Nonna taking special interest in Josie, forming a strong relationship between them as Nonna cereb rates Josie will break the curse. Links to order text in terms of ideas and techniques (synthesis) Humour is used in The crucible to relieve the tension and convey the ridiculous situation at hand. The characters have a conversation with Parris, where he mentions the faction against him to which Proctor retorts, Why, then I must find it and join it. This is similar to Looking for Alibrandi where the main character, Josie, hides down humorous sarcastic remarks to deal with troublesome situation. Through the use of humour, some(prenominal) John Proctor and Josie Alibrandi are singled out and looked up to. The stereotypical characterisation of a theocratic society has been infracted by greed and dishonesty. This is unveiled in the scene where Putnam gets his daughter to accuse their neighbour of witchcraft so he can buy the land. However, the stereotypical characterisation in Looking for Alibrandi remains intact.This shows the conflicting of interests in religious communities and, how one mistake will have an impact on the entirety of the community. The use of imagery is accentuated in The crucible through the only evidence received in the trials which is the girls word that the worry has sent someones spirit to harm them. When accusing bloody shame Warren, they shout, Mary, please, dont hurt me The use of imagery in The melting pot and Looking for Alibrandi, singles out certain characters as they feel wobbly and helpless, disconnecting them from their stronger friends and family.The irony in The Crucible demonstrates just how little the authoritative figures see as they allow good Christians to be hung on the words of artful children. This is indicted in Act One where Reverend Hale states that Rebecca Nurse looks, as such a good soul should, however, in Act Four, hangs her for the offensive activity of witchcraft. Similarly, the situation with Nonna and Christina, Josies mother, is also ironic. This suggest a desire for the characters to believe in wh at they say and forget about how they act, wanting to be real for who theyve become.

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 68-72

CHAPTER 68New York editor Jonas Faukman had sort out climbed into bed for the night when the resound rang. A little late for callers, he grumbled, picking up the receiver.An operators portion asked him, Will you accept delegacys for a collect call from Robert Langdon? Puzzled, Jonas turned on the light. Uh certain, okay. The line clicked. Jonas?Robert? You wake me up and you charge me for it?Jonas, forgive me, Langdon said. Ill keep this real short. I really admit to get a unyielding. The manu handwriting I gave you. Have you Robert, Im sorry, I spot I said Id s left e very(prenominal)where the edits turn up(a) to you this week, besides Im swamped. next Monday. I promise.Im non worried virtually the edits. I need to recognise if you sent any copies come out of the closet for blurbs without telling me?Faukman hesitated. Langdons newest manuscript an exploration of the write up of goddess worship included several sections about bloody shame Magdalene that were spill to win most(prenominal) eyebrows. Although the mattial was well documented and had been c all overed by others, Faukman had no intention of printing Advance Reading Copies of Langdons book without at least a a few(prenominal) approvements from estimable historians and art luminaries. Jonas had chosen ten sizeable adduces in the art world and sent them all sections of the manuscript along with a polite earn asking if they would be un strained to write a short usher outorsement for the jacket. In Faukmans experience, most mountain jumped at the opportunity to call for their name in print.Jonas? Langdon pressed. You sent out my manuscript, didnt you?Faukman fr subscribeed, sensing Langdon was not happy about it. The manuscript was clean, Robert, and I cute to surprise you with well-nigh terrific blurbs.A pause. Did you send unity to the curator of the capital of France fin?What do you mean? Your manuscript referenced his Louvre collection several convictio ns, his books atomic number 18 in your bibliography, and the guy has some serious clout for foreign sales. Sauniere was a no-brainer.The silence on the other end lasted a long time. When did you send it?About a month ago. I also hinted you would be in genus Paris soon and suggested you two chat. Did he ever call you to meet? Faukman paused, rubbing his eyes. Hold on, argonnt you supposed to bein Paris this week? I am in Paris. Faukman sat upright. You called me collect from Paris?Take it out of my royalties, Jonas. Did you ever take back from Sauniere? Did he homogeneous the manuscript?I dont k straight. I havent to date heard from him.Well, dont hold your breath. Ive got to run, scarce this explains a lot Thanks. Robert But Langdon was gone.Faukman hung up the phone, shaking his mastermind in disbe finessef Authors, he thought. Even the sane ones argon nuts.Inside the ambit Rover, Leigh Teabing let out a guffaw. Robert, youre saying you wrote a manuscript that delves into a concealed order, and your editor sent a copy to that whodunit society?Langdon slumped. Evidently.A cruel coincidence, my friend.Coincidence has zipper to do with it, Langdon knew. Asking Jacques Sauniere to endorse a manuscript on goddess worship was as obvious as asking Tiger Woods to endorse a book on golf. Moreover, it was virtually guaranteed that any book on goddess worship would have to mention the Priory of Sion.Heres the million-dollar question, Teabing said, quench chuckling. Was your position on the Priory favorable or unfavorable?Langdon could hear Teabings true meaning loud and clear. Many historians questioned why the Priory was all the same property the Sangreal documents hidden. Some matt-up the information should have been shared with the world long ago. I took no position on the Priorys actions.You mean lack in that respectof.Langdon shrugged. Teabing was on the face of it on the side of making the documents public. I simply provided taradiddle on the b rotherhood and described them as a innovative goddess worship society, keepers of the Grail, and guardians of antiquated documents. Sophie looked at him. Did you mention the pillar? Langdon winced. He had. Numerous times. I talked about the supposed keystone as an example of the lengths to which the Priory would go to protect the Sangreal documents. Sophie looked amazed. I guess that explains P. S. Find Robert Langdon. Langdon feel it was actually something else in the manuscript that had piqued Saunieres interest, only when that topic was something he would discuss with Sophie when they were alone.So, Sophie said, you lied to Captain Fache. What? Langdon demanded. You told him you had never corresponded with my grandfather.I didnt My editor sent him a manuscript.Think about it, Robert. If Captain Fache didnt father the envelope in which your editor sent the manuscript, he would have to shut down that you sent it. She paused. Or worse, that you hand- delivered it and lied ab out it.When the Range Rover arrived at Le Bourget Airfield, Remy drove to a small hangar at the cold end of the airstrip. As they approached, a tousled man in unironed khakis hurried from the hangar, waved, and slid open the enormous corrugated metal door to break-dance a sleek white jet deep down.Langdon stared at the glistening fuselage. Thats Elizabeth? Teabing grinned. crush the bloody Chunnel. The man in khakis hurried toward them, squinting into the headlights. Almost furbish up, sir, he called in a British accent. My apologies for the delay, but you took me by surprise and He stopped short as the group un load uped. He looked at Sophie and Langdon, and then Teabing.Teabing said, My associates and I have urgent business in London. Weve no time to waste. Please prepare to de destinyially immediately. As he spoke, Teabing took the pistol out of the vehicle and handed it to Langdon.The pilots eyes bulged at the sight of the weapon. He walked over to Teabing and whispere d, Sir, my humble apologies, but my diplomatic flight allowance provides only for you and your manservant. I cannot take your guests.Richard, Teabing said, smiling warmly, two thousand pounds sterling and that loaded particle accelerator say you can take my guests. He motioned to the Range Rover. And the unfortunate sheik in the back.CHAPTER 69The Hawker 731s twin Garrett TFE-731 engines thundered, powering the platforme skyward with gut- wrenching force. Outside the window, Le Bourget Airfield dropped a fashion with startling speed.Im fleeing the country, Sophie thought, her body constrained back into the leather seat. Until this moment, she had countd her game of cat and mouse with Fache would be someways averageifiable to the Ministry of Defense. I was attempting to protect an innocent man.I was stressful to fulfill my grandfathers last wishes.That window of opportunity, Sophie knew, had just closed. She was leaving the country, without documentation, accompanying a wanted man, and transporting bristle hostage. If a line of reason had ever existed, she had just crossed it. At almost the speed of sound.Sophie was seated with Langdon and Teabing near the front of the cabin the winnow Jet ExecutiveElite Design, according to the gold medallion on the door. Their plush turn chairs were bolted to tracks on the floor and could be repositioned and locked around a rectangular hardwood table. A mini-boardroom. The dignified surroundings, however, did little to camouflage the less than dignified state of personal business in the rear of the plane where, in a separate seat area near the rest room, Teabings manservant Remy sat with the pistol in hand, begrudgingly carrying out Teabings orders to stand guard over the bloody monk who lay fastened at his feet the sames of a piece of luggage.Before we turn our fear to the keystone, Teabing said, I was wondering if you would permit me a few haggle. He sounded apprehensive, like a father about to give the bird s-and-the-bees lecture to his children. My friends, I support I am but a guest on this journey, and I am honored as such. And yet, as someone who has spent his lifespan in search of the Grail, I feel it is my duty to warn you that you are about to step onto a path from which there is no return, careless(predicate) of the dangers convolute. He turned to Sophie. Miss Neveu, your grandfather gave you this cryptex in hopes you would keep the secret of the holy Grail alive.Yes.Understandably, you feel obliged to follow the trail wheresoever it leads.Sophie nodded, although she felt a second motivation still burning within her. The truth about my family. disdain Langdons assurances that the keystone had nothing to do with her past, Sophie still sensed something deep personal entwined within this mystery, as if this cryptex, forged by her grandfathers own hands, were trying to speak to her and offer some broad of resolution to the emptiness that had haunted her all these years.Your grandfather and three others died this night, Teabing continued, and they did so to keep this keystone away from the Church. Opus Dei came within inches tonight of possessing it. You get wind, I hope, that this puts you in a position of exceptional right. You have been handed a torch. A two-thousand-year-old burst out that cannot be allowed to go out. This torch cannot fall into the wrong hands. He paused, glancing at the rosewood stroke. I realize you have been given no selection in this matter, Miss Neveu, but considering what is at stake here, you must every fully embrace this responsibility or you must pass that responsibility to someone else. My grandfather gave the cryptex to me. Im sure he thought I could time lag the responsibility. Teabing looked encouraged but unconvinced. Good. A strong pass on is necessary. And yet, I amcurious if you understand that successfully unlocking the keystone will bring with it a far greatertrial. How so? My dear, consider that you are suddenly holding a map that reveals the localization of the Holy Grail. In that moment, you will be in possession of a truth capable of altering history forever. You will be the keeper of a truth that man has sought for centuries. You will be confront with the responsibility of revealing that truth to the world. The individual who does so will be revered by many and despised by many. The question is whether you will have the necessary strength to carry out that designate.Sophie paused. Im not sure that is my decision to make.Teabings eyebrows arched. No? If not the possessor of the keystone, then who? The brotherhood who has successfully protected the secret for so long. The Priory? Teabing looked skeptical. But how? The brotherhood was shattered tonight. Decapitated, as you so aptly put it. Whether they were infiltrated by some kind of eavesdropping or by a spy within their ranks, we will never know, but the fact remains that someone got to them and uncovered the identities of th eir four top members. I would not trustfulness anyone who stepped forward from the brotherhood at this point.So what do you suggest? Langdon asked.Robert, you know as well as I do that the Priory has not protected the truth all these years to have it get together dust until eternity. They have been delay for the right moment in history to share their secret. A time when the world is establishy to handle the truth.And you believe that moment has arrived? Langdon asked.Absolutely. It could not be more than obvious. All the historical signs are in place, and if the Priory did not intend to make their secret cognize very soon, why has the Church now attacked? Sophie argued, The monk has not yet told us his purpose. The monks purpose is the Churchs purpose, Teabing replied, to destroy the documents that reveal the great deception. The Church came nearer tonight than they have ever come, and the Priory has put its trust in you, Miss Neveu. The task of saving the Holy Grail clearly includes carrying out the Priorys final wishes of share-out the truth with the world.Langdon intervened. Leigh, asking Sophie to make that decision is quite a load to drop on someone who only an hour ago well- educated the Sangreal documents exist.Teabing sighed. I apologize if I am pressing, Miss Neveu. Clearly I have perpetually believed these documents should be make public, but in the end the decision belongs to you. I simply feel it is important that you begin to think about what happens should we succeed in opening the keystone.Gentlemen, Sophie said, her voice firm. To quote your words, You do not find the Grail, the Grail finds you. I am going to trust that the Grail has rear me for a reason, and when the time comes, I will know what to do.Both of them looked startled.So then, she said, motioning to the rosewood box. Lets move on.CHAPTER 70Standing in the drawing room of Chateau Villette, Lieutenant collet watched the dying fire and felt despondent. Captain Fache had ar rived moments earlier and was now in the next room, yelling into the phone, trying to coordinate the failed attempt to locate the missing Range Rover.It could be anywhere by now, collet thought.Having disobeyed Faches direct orders and lost Langdon for a second time, collet was grateful that PTS had located a bullet hole in the floor, which at least corroborated collets claims that a shot had been fired. Still, Faches mood was sour, and Collet sensed there would be dire repercussions when the dust settled.Unfortunately, the clues they were turning up here seemed to neglect no light at all on what was going on or who was involved. The black Audi outside had been rented in a false name with false credit card numbers, and the prints in the car matched nothing in the Interpol database.Another agent hurried into the living room, his eyes urgent. Wheres Captain Fache? Collet barely looked up from the burning embers. Hes on the phone. Im off the phone, Fache snapped, stalking into the room. What have you got?The second agent said, Sir, Central just heard from Andre Vernet at the sediment Bank of Zurich. He wants to talk to you privately. He is changing his story. Oh? Fache said. Now Collet looked up.Vernet is admitting that Langdon and Neveu spent time inside his bank tonight. We figured that out, Fache said. Why did Vernet lie about it? He said hell talk only to you, but hes agree to cooperate fully. In exchange for what?For our keeping his banks name out of the word and also for helping him recover some stolen property. It sounds like Langdon and Neveu stole something from Saunieres account.What? Collet blurted. How?Fache never flinched, his eyes riveted on the second agent. What did they steal? Vernet didnt elaborate, but he sounds like hes willing to do anything to get it back. Collet tried to imagine how this could happen. Maybe Langdon and Neveu had held a bank employee at gunpoint? Maybe they forced Vernet to open Saunieres account and facilitate an esc ape in the armored truck. As feasible as it was, Collet was having trouble believing Sophie Neveu could be involved in anything like that.From the kitchen, another agent yelled to Fache. Captain? Im going by dint of Mr. Teabings speed dial numbers, and Im on the phone with Le Bourget Airfield. Ive got some bad news. Thirty seconds later, Fache was packing up and preparing to leave Chateau Villette. He had just learned that Teabing kept a private jet nearby at Le Bourget Airfield and that the plane had taken off about a half hour ago.The Bourget re precedeative on the phone had claimed not to know who was on the plane or where it was headed. The takeoff had been unscheduled, and no flight plan had been logged. Highly illegal, evening for a small airfield. Fache was certain that by applying the right pressure, he could get the answers he was looking for.Lieutenant Collet, Fache barked, heading for the door. I have no choice but to leave you in charge of the PTS investigation here. T ry to do something right for a change.CHAPTER 71As the Hawker leveled off, with its nose aimed for England, Langdon guardedly lifted the rosewood box from his lap, where he had been protecting it during takeoff. Now, as he set the box on the table, he could sense Sophie and Teabing leaning forward with anticipation.Unlatching the lid and opening the box, Langdon turned his oversight not to the lettered dials of the cryptex, but rather to the tiny hole on the merchantman of the box lid. Using the tip of a pen, he carefully removed the inlaid Rose on top and revealed the schoolbook downstairs it. Sub Rosa, he mused, hoping a fresh look at the text would bring clarity. Focusing all his energies, Langdon studied the strange text. The Da Vinci autograph After several seconds, he began to feel the initial frustration resurfacing. Leigh, I just cant seem to place it.From where Sophie was seated crosswise the table, she could not yet see the text, but Langdons inability to immediatel y get a line the language affect her. My grandfather spoke a language so obscure that even a symbologist cant identify it? She quickly realized she should not find this surprising. This would not be the prime(prenominal) secret Jacques Sauniere had kept from his granddaughter.Opposite Sophie, Leigh Teabing felt ingesty to burst. Eager for his chance to see the text, he quivered with excitement, leaning in, trying to see around Langdon, who was still hunched over the box.I dont know, Langdon whispered intently. My first guess is a Semitic, but now Im not so sure. intimately primary Semitics include nekkudot.This has none.Probably ancient, Teabing offered.Nekkudot? Sophie inquired.Teabing never took his eyes from the box. Most modern Semitic alphabets have no vowels and use nekkudot tiny dots and dashes written both below or within the consonants to indicate what vowel sound accompanies them. historically speaking, nekkudot are a relatively modern addition to language.Langdon was still hovering over the script. A Sephardic transliteration, perhaps ?Teabing could bear it no longer. Perhaps if I just Reaching over, he edged the box away from Langdon and pulled it toward himself. No surmise Langdon had a solid knownity with the standard ancients classical, Latin, the Romances but from the fleeting glance Teabing had of this language, he thought it looked more specialized, possibly a Rashi script or a STAM with crowns.Taking a deep breath, Teabing feasted his eyes upon the engraving. He said nothing for a very long time. With each passing second, Teabing felt his sanction deflating. Im astonished, he said. This language looks like nothing Ive ever seen Langdon slumped. Might I see it? Sophie asked.Teabing pretended not to hear her. Robert, you said earlier that you thought youd seen something like this before?Langdon looked vexed. I thought so. Im not sure. The script looks familiar somehow.Leigh? Sophie repeated, clearly not appreciating being left ou t of the discussion. Might I have a look at the box my grandfather made?Of course, dear, Teabing said, pushing it over to her. He hadnt meant to sound belittling, and yet Sophie Neveu was light-years out of her league. If a British Royal Historian and a Harvard symbologist could not even identify the language Aah, Sophie said, seconds after examining the box. I should have guessed. Teabing and Langdon turned in unison, everlasting(a) at her. Guessed what? Teabing demanded.Sophie shrugged. Guessed that this would be the language my grandfather would have used. Youre saying you can read this text? Teabing exclaimed. Quite easily, Sophie chimed, obviously enjoying herself now. My grandfather taught me this language when I was only six years old. Im fluent. She leaned across the table and fixed Teabing with an warn glare. And frankly, sir, considering your allegiance to the Crown, Im a little surprised you didnt recognize it.In a flash, Langdon knew.No wonder the script looks so damne d familiar some(prenominal) years ago, Langdon had attended an event at Harvards Fogg Museum. Harvard dropout Bill Gates had returned to his alma mater to lend to the museum one of his priceless acquisitions eighteen sheets of paper he had recently purchased at auction from the Armand Hammar Estate.His winning bid a cool $30.8 million.The originator of the pages Leonardo Da Vinci.The eighteen folios now known as Leonardos leaf-book Leicester after their famous owner, the Earl of Leicester were all that remained of one of Leonardos most fascinating notebooks essays and drawings outlining Da Vincis progressive theories on astronomy, geology, archaeology, and hydrology.Langdon would never forget his reaction after waiting in line and finally viewing the priceless parchment. Utter letdown. The pages were unintelligible. Despite being beautifully preserved and written in an impeccably unbent penmanship crimson ink on cream paper the leaf-book looked like gibberish. At first Lan gdon thought he could not read them because Da Vinci wrote his notebooks in an archaic Italian. But after studying them more closely, he realized he could not identify a case-by-case Italian word, or even one letter.Try this, sir, whispered the womanish docent at the boasting case. She motioned to a hand mirror affixed to the display on a chain. Langdon picked it up and examined the text in the mirrors surface.Instantly it was clear.Langdon had been so eager to peruse some of the great thinkers ideas that he had forgotten one of the mans numerous artistic talents was an ability to write in a reverberate script that was virtually illegible to anyone other than himself. Historians still debated whether Da Vinci wrote this way simply to amuse himself or to keep people from peering over his berm and stealing his ideas, but the point was moot. Da Vinci did as he pleased.Sophie smiled in spite of appearance to see that Robert understood her meaning. I can read the first few words, s he said. Its slope.Teabing was still sputtering. Whats going on? Re verse text, Langdon said. We need a mirror.No we dont, Sophie said. I bet this veneer is thin enough. She lifted the rosewood box up to a canister light on the wall and began examining the underside of the lid. Her grandfather couldnt actually write in reverse, so he always cheated by writing normally and then flipping the paper over and canvass the reversed impression. Sophies guess was that he had wood-burned normal text into a freeze out of wood and then run the back of the block through a sander until the wood was paper thin and the wood-burning could be seen through the wood. wherefore hed simply flipped the piece over, and laid it in.As Sophie moved the lid closer to the light, she saw she was right. The bright beam sifted through the thin layer of wood, and the script appeared in reverse on the underside of the lid. Instantly legible. English, Teabing croaked, hanging his head in shame. My native tongue.A t the rear of the plane, Remy Legaludec strained to hear beyond the rumbling engines, but the conversation up front was inaudible. Remy did not like the way the night was progressing. Not at all. He looked down at the bound monk at his feet. The man lay perfectly still now, as if in a trance of acceptance, or perhaps, in soundless prayer for deliverance.CHAPTER 72Fifteen thousand feet in the air, Robert Langdon felt the physiological world fade away as all of his thoughts converged on Saunieres mirror-image poem, which was illumine through the lid of the box. The Da Vinci Code Sophie quickly found some paper and copied it down longhand. When she was done, the three of them took turns reading the text. It was like some kind of archaeological crossword a riddle that promised to reveal how to open the cryptex. Langdon read the verse slowly.An ancient word of wisdom frees this scroll and helps us keep her scatterd family whole a tombstone praised by templars is the key and at flush will reveal the truth to thee.Before Langdon could even ponder what ancient password the verse was trying to reveal, he felt something far more fundamental resonate within him the meter of the poem. Iambic pentameter.Langdon had come across this meter often over the years while researching secret societies across Europe, including just last year in the Vatican Secret Archives. For centuries, iambic pentameter had been a preferred poetic meter of outspoken literati across the globe, from the ancient Greek writer Archilochus to Shakespeare, Milton, Chaucer, and Voltaire bold souls who chose to write their social commentaries in a meter that many of the day believed had mystical properties. The roots of iambic pentameter were deeply pagan.Iambs. Two syllables with opposite emphasis. Stressed and unstressed. Yin yang. A balanced pair. Arranged in strings of five. Pentameter. Five for the pentacle of Venus and the sacred feminine.Its pentameter Teabing blurted, turning to Langdon. And the verse is in English La lingua puraLangdon nodded. The Priory, like many European secret societies at odds with the Church, had considered English the only European polished language for centuries. Unlike French, Spanish, and Italian, which were rooted in Latin the tongue of the Vatican English was linguistically removed from Romes propaganda machine, and therefore became a sacred, secret tongue for those brotherhoods educated enough to learn it.This poem, Teabing gushed, references not only the Grail, but the Knights Templar and the scattered family of Mary Magdalene What more could we ask for?The password, Sophie said, looking again at the poem. It sounds like we need some kind of ancient word of wisdom?Abracadabra? Teabing ventured, his eyes twinkling.A word of five letters, Langdon thought, pondering the staggering number of ancient words that might be considered words of wisdom selections from mystic chants, astrological prophecies, secret society inductions, Wicca inca ntations, Egyptian magic spells, pagan mantras the list was endless.The password, Sophie said, appears to have something to do with the Templars. She read the text aloud. A headstone praised by Templars is the key. Leigh, Langdon said, youre the Templar specialist. Any ideas?Teabing was motionless for several seconds and then sighed. Well, a headstone is obviously a dense marker of some sort. Its possible the poem is referencing a gravestone the Templars praised at the tomb of Magdalene, but that doesnt help us much because we have no idea where her tomb is. The last line, Sophie said, says that Atbash will reveal the truth. Ive heard that word. Atbash. Im not surprised, Langdon replied. You probably heard it in Cryptology 101. The Atbash zero is one of the oldest codes known to man.Of course Sophie thought. The famous Hebrew encoding system.The Atbash Cipher had indeed been part of Sophies early cryptology training. The cipher dated back to 500 B. C. and was now used as a cla ssroom example of a prefatory rotational substitution scheme. A common form of Jewish cryptogram, the Atbash Cipher was a simple substitution code based on the twenty-two-letter Hebrew alphabet. In Atbash, the first letter was substituted by the last letter, the second letter by the next to last letter, and so on.Atbash is sublimely appropriate, Teabing said. Text encrypted with Atbash is found throughout the Kabbala, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and even the Old Testament. Jewish scholars and mystics are stilldecision hidden meanings using Atbash. The Priory certainly would include the Atbash Cipher as part of their teachings.The only problem, Langdon said, is that we dont have anything on which to apply the cipher.Teabing sighed. There must be a code word on the headstone. We must find this headstone praised by Templars.Sophie sensed from the grim look on Langdons face that finding the Templar headstone would be no small feat.Atbash is the key, Sophie thought. But we dont have a door.It was three minutes later that Teabing heaved a frustrated sigh and move his head. My friends, Im stymied. Let me ponder this while I get us some nibblies and check on Remy and our guest. He stood up and headed for the back of the plane. Sophie felt threadbare as she watched him go. Outside the window, the blackness of the predawn was absolute. Sophie felt as if she were being hurtled through space with no idea where she would land. Having grown up solving her grandfathers riddles, she had the anxious sense right now that this poem before them contained information they still had not seen.There is more there, she told herself. Ingeniously hidden but present nonetheless.Also plaguing her thoughts was a fear that what they eventually found inside this cryptex would not be as simple as a map to the Holy Grail. Despite Teabings and Langdons confidence that the truth lay just within the stain cylinder, Sophie had solved enough of her grandfathers treasure hunts to know that Jacques Sa uniere did not give up his secrets easily.

The Validity of Chinese College Entrance Exam Is Questioned

Xiaoqi Jin (Jessica) Professor K arn College English Writing 23 July 2012 The asperity of Chinese college entrance tryoutination is questioned Introduction The Chinese College Entrance mental test is some ways like the SAT, except it lasts more than three multiplication long as the SAT tests. It is offered just once a socio-economic anatomy and the result of the two days trial greatly affect the future(a) of any Chinese pupil. The score determines whether you can receive the college procreation and what take aim of the education you can enroll in. For most place of chinaw are, only a half of the students are eligible for the college education.One Chinese compared the trial to a stampede of Thousands of soldiers and tens of thousands of horse across a single log bridge. The beat and bother it wages for all the soldiers to cross the bridge showcases the students rush to pass the exam. Only a few students qualify to sit and pass the exam. about colleges rely on the co mposite score, rather than somebody subject scores, the value of the entire exam is questioned by the sketch (Shum & Zhang 55). History of the exam The exam is a national determinant in the academic council in China.Taken annually, the exam is a prerequisite in almost all education institutions in China universities. Students are required to take the exam in the last social class of their high school education. No age restriction is placed on the individuals winning the exam hence the cast of candidates increases as years go by (Hargreaves, Lieberman, & Fullan 352). The exam helps the Chinese education system to discipline a simple method of placing individuals in the correct course. Regulation of the number of students enrolled in the educational system aids regulating student state growth in the institution of education.The exam ticks to enroll students with specified standards into higher(prenominal) education systems. The performance The exam runs under equivalent rules as those of SAT. The exam runs to 2 or 3 days with papers offers in Mathematics, Chinese and a foreign language. The entrance exam also requires the candidate to negociate papers in six other standard subjects, 3 existence sciences and 3 being humanities. The course of instruction a student hopes to involve determines the subjects examined. On an overall experience, the students go with a science integrity test, a general integrity test, and a humanity integrity test.The general procedure and requirements of the exam is congeal within the constitution of the republic of China. The student winning the exam has to brace a high school diploma or its equivalent. Health is also an important factor the education system considers. The testing council does not allow for students enrolled in a higher education program to take the exam. Students applying for special courses such as the military are allowed to take the exam with special specifications (Shu 52). The advantages a nd disadvantages of the examThe exam is important to the Chinese people as it offers a fair platform for talents presented by the China students. Every student is considered equal before the marks, which makes it fair for students to enroll in colleges. The exam sublime the will of teenagers to accomplish in the academic sector. In a technical oriented country like China, the exam is important as it improves the level of education. Students strive to perform well as it determines their success. The exam works with individual groups within a community who associate with leadership of an area.This helps gain promise over the set territory in the community. The exam helps the country ingest a go at it with illegal behavior, either as a group or by the piece (Burger 177). The youth are vulnerable to becoming unproductive gang members as they have all characteristics that meet the gang demands. Various ethnic backgrounds have gangs operating on the streets. Young people become gang members for benefits such as protection, respect, money and power. The vulnerability of the youth provide an easy time for gang leaders, as the benefits are influential. The benefits are the main reason as to why individuals plug into the gangs.In most cases, the youth lack the benefits hence do not hesitate on connecter the gang. The community fails in musical accompaniment the youth realize success, safety, and financial security hence they opt to join a gang instead. On joining the gang, the youth gain a feeling of identity as they have relations through bonds created in the gangs. Placing the examination provides the students with an opportunity of leaving a better life (Burger 177). geographic boundaries defined by cultural, social, and economic forces are the distinctive characteristics in taking the examination.Institutions protecting other institutions are common in identification of which class each education system relates to in the community. Characteristics common to various education institutions across boundaries include social adjustment problems, tribulations or trials of the members, handling the business, and the jobs offered to the members. Most of the youth have no choice only when to join these institutions to hike their studies. Poverty and unemployment is a significant contributor to the youth enrolling into these institutions.The reason is the aforesaid(prenominal) across boundaries as the youth enrolling in the youth lack necessarily due to effects of poverty, and unemployment. Once joining the institutions, the youth expect to have a bright future, which is not the case. The exam system makes the students concentrate of unskilled jobs forgetting the skills they could deploy in practical oriented jobs. Youth that face challenges are prone to joining the job marketing to gain the advantages that come with joining the industry. The study comes with distinctive identities such as money, security, and popularity.Vulnerable youth w ith no financial support find refuge in deploying for the exam to match up to pressure from their peers. The educational system does offer individuals from different backgrounds the same purlieu of study. A less privileged youth falls into gang exercise to secure comfort. The youth who are technologically advanced fall course of joining gangs. The progress is visible in social networking sites. Social networking sites prime as a distinct with graffiti tags, signals, and colors, which attract the youth to joining.The study attracts individuals from one location as it becomes easy to find them online, and offline. Technology and study grows, and in China, the students elevate the ideas through sharing the ideas on the social networking framework (Shum & Zhang 52). How does the exam affect the well being of the youth in China? The age of individuals allowed take the exam is not limited to teenagers as they come with the characteristics required to run activities. Teenagers are vulnerable to lack money, security, and power. They are willing to earn this at every cost.The exam controls teenagers easily as opposed to young adults who attain the benefits on their own. Age affects the performance of the exam by setting the limit of the people who can sit for the exam annually. Some gangs have different age sets for different jobs. Research shows that the benefits for the exam include protection, respect, money and power. Individuals who do not meet the exam targets sustain distortion from the leaders. Threatening is common against the members, and their family members if they do not meet the rules set by the exam.Research displays the benefits of notch the examination with the vulnerable wants that the youth lack. Youth from measly backgrounds lack the pleasures that come with constant financial supply. They become vulnerable to the conditions set by the educational systems (Hargreaves, Lieberman, & Fullan 352). Conclusion Different examinations set to memorize different purposes. Taking the exam requires the individual to pass the set subjects. A target placed on the pass mark is keenly followed, also-ran to which the member faces consequences.A student who fails to acquire the pass mark result is subjected to passing the exam once more. Chinas system of education may mimic the SAT certification but it plays a role in ensuring that the students acquire basic education before setting to study a higher program in the university. Enrolling the students to university through the examination is essential in setting pace for the right direction. Instilling the importance of knowledge through examination may sieve the success path of many students, but they elevate level to which students find education important.The rush for students to achieve thin results remains a challenge as the pass mark rises match to the results.Works Cited Burger, Jerry M. Personality. New Jersey Cengage Learning, 2010. Hargreaves, Andy, Ann Lieberman and Michael Fullan. Second International Handbook of Educational Change, chroma 2. New York Springer, 2010. Shu, Hui. Sojourners in Transition Chinese Women Undergraduate Students at an American University. New Jersey ProQuest, 2008. Shum, Mark Shiu Kee and Delu Zhang. Teaching Writing in Chinese Speaking Areas. New York Springer, 2005.

Electronic Payment System

UNIT 3 electronic allowance System Contents What is E- defrayal? Types of E- recompense Systems Digital Token- base electronic requital Systems heady promoter panels &038 electronic topple Systems reference work waggle-establish electronic stipend Systems essay &038 electronic Payment Systems Designing electronic Payment System What is E- requital ? E-payment ashess is the automobile of take a bearingring money over the meshwork and technology used in this conduct is called as EFT. EFT defined as any transfer of fund initiated by dint of an e-terminal, telephonic pecker, or computer or magnetized tape to order, nurture or authorize a monetary foundation garment to debit entry or ac reference point an calculate. It is mostly used for Business to furrow (B2B) commerce where companies doing bloodline together tend to use electronic data interchange (EDI) dodging to buck each other bills and nonices of payment. E-Payment Information online offlin e $Products/ go Advantages of E-Payment Increase payment efficiency Reduce traffic costs Enable trade in goods and function of very low value Increase convenience of qualification payments Payment laughingstock be made swiftly and remotely victimisation various devices Can be used for e-commerce / e-Trade For other purposes like stipendiary bills, taxes, etc MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, body of work literal compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 1Categories of EFT Banking and financial payments * Large-scale or sweeping payment * Small scale or retail payment * collection plate posit buildinging Retailing payments * reference point learning abilitys * flier bank nones On-line electronic commerce payments * Token-based payment system Electronic notes Electronic checks judicious neb or debit separate * Credit rag-based payment systems Encrypted conviction bank notes Third-party agency numbers Main factors when selecting e-payment m ethod Avail susceptibility (bank system, laws and regulations) The m utilize of size and type of business, type of a target group of consumers, types of products and services. The ability to provide security against fraudulent activity Being cost good for low value proceeding salarys Being protective of the privacy of the users leisurely to use, and being convenient for purchasing on the web based e-business Token-based E-Payment Systems Electronic tokens are the raw financial instruments which are in the form of electronic hard cash/money or checks.Electronic tokens are same as cash that is indorse by bank. They are of carte du jourinalsome types 1. funds or real time ( e-cash) 2. debit or Prepaid (smart instrument panel game, e- rounds) 3. Credit or Postpaid ( commendation/debit broadsheet, e-checks) E-cash Electronic cash is a consumer-oriented electronic payment. Though it replaces the cash still still cash is quite dominant form of payment for three reasons 1. Lack of trust in banking system 2.Inefficient clearing and settlement of non-cash transaction 3. Negative real interest rates paid on bank deposit Advantages of cash over acknowledgement measure game It is negotiable currency is a legal tender Cash is a bearer instrument It want require bank line to operate No lay on the line on the part of acceptor that the medium of exchange may not be good MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, vignette fabric compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 2Properties of e-cash E-cash must admit quest four properties Monetary values Interoperability Retrievability Security E-cash in Action E-cash based on cryptographic systems called digital signature This method involves pair of cardinal numeric lynchpins (very large number or integer) that work in bicycle-built-for- 2 (cycle) one for encoding and another for decoding. Message encoded with one numeric severalise wad only be decoded with other numeric chance upon and no(pr enominal) other. The encoding find out is kept private while the decoding key is made public. E-checks E-checks are another form of electronic tokens. A tonic electronic version of paper check. E-check is an educateion to a financial foot to pay a given amount of money to the payee. It is a particularly formatted email message sent over the profit. It contains as the same breeding as on paper based check. Check service providers PayByCheck (http//www. paybycheck. com) CyberSource (http//cybersource. com) deed Payment Sequence in E-check system Payer Transfer e-check Payee repository e-check Forward e-check for payer authentication Bank Accounting Server MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof.Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 3 doing Payment Sequence in E-check system Buyer must register with treyly party pecker host using electronic check. On receiving the check, the seller presents it to accountancy system host for verification and payment. The accounting system verifies the digital signature on the check. decent signed and endorsed checks can be electronically exchanged between financial institutions finished electronic clearing house. Advantages of E-Check They work in the same fashion as traditional checks. E-checks are suited for micro payments. Eliminate the choose for expensive process reengineering and taking advantage of the banking industry. Financial fortune is assume by accounting master of ceremonies. E-checks create a float through third-party accounting waiter. They make money out of vendees and sellers transaction by providing deposit account. battle b/w EFT and E-check In E-Cheque, electronic versions of the cheque are issued, stock &038 processed. So, payee issues an E-Cheque for each payment. In EFT transfer automatic withdrawals are made for periodic bills or other fixed payments no cheques are issued. modishness card A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded bit containi ng entropy about you. A smart card can inclose about 100 times the amount of information that a magnetised strip plastic card can strain. A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encoding keys, account information, creed card numbers, health insurance information, etc. So far not successful in U. S. , entirely popular in Europe, Germany, Singapore and Japan to pay for public phone call, transportation.Mondex brilliant broadside H centenarians and dispenses electronic cash (Smart-card based, stored-value card) Developed by reach mental capacity International Requires specific card reader, called Mondex terminal, for merchant or node to use card over Internet Supports micropayments and works both online and off-line at stores or over the sound Secret chip-to-chip transfer protocol Loaded through asynchronous transfer mode standard atmosphere does not know transfer protocol connects with secure device at bank MBA-II, EBF ( FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore Mondex Smart Card bear on Mondex Smart Card Disadvantages Card carries real cash in electronic form, creating the possibility of theft No deferred (overdue) payment as with credit cards cash is dispensed immediately Types of Smart cards Smart cards are basically of two types 1. Relationship-based Smart Cards 2. Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Relationship-based Smart Cards It is the enhancement of existing card services that offer guests far better options like 1. Access to multiple accounts (debit, credit, e-cash) on one card. 2.Offer various functions ( cash assenting, bill payment, balance inquiry, fund transfer) 3. dual admission price options at multiple location using multiple access device (ATM, PC, PDA or screenphone etc) Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Electronic Purses or E- wallet are the smart cards embedded with programmable microprocessor chip that store sum of money instead of cash. Once a elderly bag is loaded with money it require card reader vending auto which verifies its authenticity . Then after amount is deducted from balance. It shows the remaining balance on the card hence eliminate the small bill in ready stores.E-wallets when depleted can be recharged with money . MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 5 Credit cards-based e-payment system Credit Cards A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users dealing in e-commerce. Most credit cards are the same shape and size, as specified by the ISO 7810 standard. A credit card is different to a debit card in that it does not remove money from the users account after every transaction. In the case of credit cards, the issuer lends money to the consumer (or the user) to be paid to the merchant.Credit cards-based e-payment system Customers who purchase any goods get out their credit card details to the service provider involved and t he credit card system will handle this payment. Online credit card payment has following categories 1. Payment using plain credit card details 2. Payments using encrypted credit card details 3. Payment using third-party verification Entities involved in Credit card Transaction Consumer (Buyer or Card holder) merchandiser (Seller) Card Issuer (Consumers Bank) Acquirer or Principal ( merchandisers Bank) Card Association (Visa, get Card etc) Third party processor How an Online Credit Transaction WorksEncryption and Credit cards Encryption process starts when credit card information is entered into a browser and sent securely over network between emptor to seller. Encryption process includes following steps 1. Customer presents his credit card information securely to merchant. 2. Merchant validates the authenticity of card holder 3. Merchant relays this information to its bank or on-line card processor. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM , SIMS, Indore 6 4. The bank relays the information to customers bank for control approval 5.The customers bank returns the credit card , charge authentication and authorization to the merchant bear upon Payment with Encrypted Third-party authorization and Credit cards In third party processing, consumer register with third party on the internet to verify emicrotransaction. The companies providing third party payment service on internet are ( First Virtual) http//www. fv. com http//www. openmarket. com http//www. 2checkout. com/ http//www. paypal. com/ Payment can be made by credit card via clearing house.Online Third-Party central processor (OTPPs) has following steps for buying information online. 1. Consumer registers for an OTPP a/c that is endorse by credit card. 2. To purchase customer request merchant by her OTPP account no. 3. Merchant then contact the OTPP payment server with customers account no. 4. OTPP payment server verifies the customers account no. for vender (merchant) &038 checks for sufficient funds. 5. OTPP server send a message to buyer that can be responded back by buyer as yes/agree No/disagree fraud. 6.If OTPP gets Yes from customer, merchant is advised &038 then customer is allowed to download material. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 7 Online Payment Processing using a Third-party mainframe computer venture in using Credit cards Customer uses a stolen card or account number to fraudulently purchase goods or service online. more stack who will be on the Internet check not even had their first Web experience. Hackers find the ways into an e-commerce merchants payment processing system and then issue credits to navvy card account numbers. legion(predicate) users are also likely to be younger and have less access to credit and debit cards Many purchases they make will be micropayments. Credit cards cannot be used for large sums of B2B transactions Custome r falsely claims that he or she did not receive a shipment Limitations of Online Credit Card Payment Systems Security neither merchant nor consumer can be fully authenticated. bell for merchants, around 3. 5% of purchase price plus transaction fee of 2030 cents per transaction. People living in rural areas dont have same access to computers and Internet that others do. Social equity many race do not have access to credit cards (young and old age), disabled, individuals who are not computer savvy and individuals who cannot afford cards ( slimy credit risk). Designing Electronic Payment Systems Following criteria should be contented while designing any new E-payment System 1. Privacy 6. price 2. Security 7. Standards 3. Intuitive Interface 4. Database Integration 5. Brokers MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 8Electronic Payment SystemUNIT 3 Electronic Payment System Contents What is E-payment? Types of E-payment Systems Digital Token-based Electronic Payment Systems Smart Cards &038 Electronic Payment Systems Credit Card-based Electronic Payment Systems Risk &038 Electronic Payment Systems Designing Electronic Payment System What is E-payment ? E-payment systems is the mechanics of transferring money over the Internet and technology used in this transfer is called as EFT. EFT defined as any transfer of fund initiated through an e-terminal, telephonic instrument, or computer or magnetic tape to order, instruct or authorize a financial institution to debit or credit an account. It is mostly used for Business to business (B2B) commerce where companies doing business together tend to use electronic data interchange (EDI) system to send each other bills and notices of payment. E-Payment Information online offline $Products/services Advantages of E-Payment Increase payment efficiency Reduce transaction costs Enable trade in goods and services of very low value Increase convenience of reservation payments Payment can be made swiftly and remotely using various devices Can be used for e-commerce / e-Trade For other purposes like stipendiary bills, taxes, etc MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 1Categories of EFT Banking and financial payments * Large-scale or sweeping payment * Small scale or retail payment * mansion banking Retailing payments * Credit cards * Debit cards On-line electronic commerce payments * Token-based payment system Electronic cash Electronic checks Smart cards or debit cards * Credit card-based payment systems Encrypted credit cards Third-party authorization numbers Main factors when selecting e-payment method Availability (bank system, laws and regulations) The thoughtfulness of size and type of business, type of a target group of consumers, types of products and services. The ability to provide security against fraudulent activity Being cost stiff for low value trans action fees Being protective of the privacy of the users piano to use, and being convenient for purchasing on the web based e-business Token-based E-Payment Systems Electronic tokens are the new financial instruments which are in the form of electronic cash/money or checks.Electronic tokens are same as cash that is backed by bank. They are of three types 1. Cash or real time ( e-cash) 2. Debit or Prepaid (smart cards, e-purses) 3. Credit or Postpaid (credit/debit cards, e-checks) E-cash Electronic cash is a consumer-oriented electronic payment. Though it replaces the cash but still cash is quite dominant form of payment for three reasons 1. Lack of trust in banking system 2.Inefficient clearing and settlement of non-cash transaction 3. Negative real interest rates paid on bank deposit Advantages of cash over credit cards It is negotiable Cash is a legal tender Cash is a bearer instrument It need require bank account to operate No risk on the part of acceptor that the medium of exchange may not be good MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 2Properties of e-cash E-cash must have following four properties Monetary values Interoperability Retrievability Security E-cash in Action E-cash based on cryptographic systems called digital signature This method involves pair of two numeric keys (very large number or integer) that work in tandem bicycle (cycle) one for encoding and another for decoding. Message encoded with one numeric key can only be decoded with other numeric key and none other. The encoding key is kept private while the decoding key is made public. E-checks E-checks are another form of electronic tokens. A new electronic version of paper check. E-check is an instruction to a financial institution to pay a given amount of money to the payee. It is a especially formatted email message sent over the Internet. It contains as the same information as on paper based check. Check service pro viders PayByCheck (http//www. paybycheck. com) CyberSource (http//cybersource. com) Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system Payer Transfer e-check Payee lay e-check Forward e-check for payer authentication Bank Accounting Server MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof.Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 3 Transaction Payment Sequence in E-check system Buyer must register with third party account server using electronic check. On receiving the check, the seller presents it to accounting server for verification and payment. The accounting system verifies the digital signature on the check. correctly signed and endorsed checks can be electronically exchanged between financial institutions through electronic clearing house. Advantages of E-Check They work in the same way as traditional checks. E-checks are suited for micro payments. Eliminate the need for expensive process reengineering and taking advantage of the banking industry. Financial risk is off -key by accounting server. E-checks create a float through third-party accounting server. They make money out of buyers and sellers transaction by providing deposit account. rest b/w EFT and E-check In E-Cheque, electronic versions of the cheque are issued, trustworthy &038 processed. So, payee issues an E-Cheque for each payment. In EFT transfer automatic withdrawals are made for monthly bills or other fixed payments no cheques are issued.Smart cards A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded scrap containing information about you. A smart card can store about 100 times the amount of information that a magnetic strip plastic card can store. A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encryption keys, account information, credit card numbers, health insurance information, etc. So far not successful in U. S. , but popular in Europe, Germany, Singapore and Japan to pay for public phone call, transportation.Mondex Smart Card Holds an d dispenses electronic cash (Smart-card based, stored-value card) Developed by MasterCard International Requires specific card reader, called Mondex terminal, for merchant or customer to use card over Internet Supports micropayments and works both online and off-line at stores or over the telephone Secret chip-to-chip transfer protocol Loaded through ATM ATM does not know transfer protocol connects with secure device at bank MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore Mondex Smart Card Processing Mondex Smart Card Disadvantages Card carries real cash in electronic form, creating the possibility of theft No deferred (overdue) payment as with credit cards cash is dispensed immediately Types of Smart cards Smart cards are basically of two types 1. Relationship-based Smart Cards 2. Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Relationship-based Smart Cards It is the enhancement of existing card services that offer customers far better op tions like 1. Access to multiple accounts (debit, credit, e-cash) on one card. 2.Offer various functions ( cash access, bill payment, balance inquiry, fund transfer) 3. binary access options at multiple location using multiple access device (ATM, PC, PDA or screenphone etc) Electronic Purses and Debit Cards Electronic Purses or E- wallet are the smart cards embedded with programmable buffalo chip that store sum of money instead of cash. Once a purse is loaded with money it require card reader vending machine which verifies its authenticity . Then after amount is deducted from balance. It shows the remaining balance on the card hence eliminate the small bill in reside stores.E-wallets when depleted can be recharged with money . MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 5 Credit cards-based e-payment system Credit Cards A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users dealing in e-commerce. Most credit cards are the same sh ape and size, as specified by the ISO 7810 standard. A credit card is different to a debit card in that it does not remove money from the users account after every transaction. In the case of credit cards, the issuer lends money to the consumer (or the user) to be paid to the merchant.Credit cards-based e-payment system Customers who purchase any goods send their credit card details to the service provider involved and the credit card administration will handle this payment. Online credit card payment has following categories 1. Payment using plain credit card details 2. Payments using encrypted credit card details 3. Payment using third-party verification Entities involved in Credit card Transaction Consumer (Buyer or Card holder) Merchant (Seller) Card Issuer (Consumers Bank) Acquirer or Principal (Merchants Bank) Card Association (Visa, Master Card etc) Third party processor How an Online Credit Transaction WorksEncryption and Credit cards Encryption process starts when credit card information is entered into a browser and sent securely over network between buyer to seller. Encryption process includes following steps 1. Customer presents his credit card information securely to merchant. 2. Merchant validates the authenticity of card holder 3. Merchant relays this information to its bank or on-line card processor. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 6 4. The bank relays the information to customers bank for authorization approval 5.The customers bank returns the credit card , charge authentication and authorization to the merchant Processing Payment with Encrypted Third-party authorization and Credit cards In third party processing, consumer register with third party on the internet to verify emicrotransaction. The companies providing third party payment service on internet are ( First Virtual) http//www. fv. com http//www. openmarket. com http//www. 2checkout. com/ http//www. paypal. com/ Paym ent can be made by credit card via clearing house.Online Third-Party Processor (OTPPs) has following steps for buying information online. 1. Consumer registers for an OTPP a/c that is backed by credit card. 2. To purchase customer request merchant by her OTPP account no. 3. Merchant then contact the OTPP payment server with customers account no. 4. OTPP payment server verifies the customers account no. for vender (merchant) &038 checks for sufficient funds. 5. OTPP server send a message to buyer that can be responded back by buyer as yes/agree No/disagree fraud. 6.If OTPP gets Yes from customer, merchant is apprised &038 then customer is allowed to download material. MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 7 Online Payment Processing using a Third-party Processor Risk in using Credit cards Customer uses a stolen card or account number to fraudulently purchase goods or service online. Many people who will be on the Internet h ave not even had their first Web experience. Hackers find the ways into an e-commerce merchants payment processing system and then issue credits to ward-heeler card account numbers. Many users are also likely to be younger and have less access to credit and debit cards Many purchases they make will be micropayments. Credit cards cannot be used for large sums of B2B transactions Customer falsely claims that he or she did not receive a shipment Limitations of Online Credit Card Payment Systems Security neither merchant nor consumer can be fully authenticated. toll for merchants, around 3. 5% of purchase price plus transaction fee of 2030 cents per transaction. People living in rural areas dont have same access to computers and Internet that others do. Social equity many people do not have access to credit cards (young and old age), disabled, individuals who are not computer savvy and individuals who cannot afford cards ( sorry credit risk). Designing Electronic Payment Sy stems Following criteria should be slaked while designing any new E-payment System 1. Privacy 6. set 2. Security 7. Standards 3. Intuitive Interface 4. Database Integration 5. Brokers MBA-II, EBF (FT-204C) Unit-3, Study material compiled by Prof. Vanita Joshi, SOM, SIMS, Indore 8

Critical Analysis of Emily Dickinsons My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums

incline 1102 2/20/13 A Characterization of the Narrator in My jump for joy Lasted process the Drums The speaker in Emily Dickensons My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums is very torn between rejoicing in the victory in the battlefield, and the ruefulness they feel for the battles losers. The vote counter feels pride at first, as risen in line 1 and the titles use of the word Triumph yet that pride quickly turns into regret and disdain.The narrator laments what they feel atomic number 18 senseless acts of contend and their deep regret turns into wishing the roles were reversed and they had died. In My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums the narrator describes the imperious feeling at the eradicate of a victorious battle. My Triumph means that the speaker recognizes that there was a victory and that they are on the side of the victors whom should feel jubilant in victory. The use of the word Triumph shows that the speaker is aware that there is a great sense of pride to be had in winnin g a battle.This feeling, however, is very short lived. The speakers Triumph lasted only till the drums/and then I dropped my victory as noted in lines 3 and 4. These lines show the speakers a compassionate and caring psyche who feels remorse immediately after the triumphant feeling subsides. The speaker in My Triumph is an average person who is ram into battle, emerges victorious, and sees that there is more defeat in victory than they realized.The narrator sees the naive realism of a cruel battle and the loss of lives and realizes that though they are victorious, the get the better of are all slain. This deeply troubles our speaker as evidenced in line 15 and 16 where the speaker says A Bayonets contrition/Is nothing to the Dead. In this line the speaker is saying that the regret held by the bayonet and the hands guiding it means nothing to the bloodless man at the other end of the blade. This regret shows a person who may have enlisted, but now know that the brutality of wa r is not for them. And then I hated Glory/And wished myself were They, lines 7 and 8, show just the conviction with which our speaker hates war. They wish themselves dead and that the defeated had been the victors. The narrator in the poem is a remorseful soldier looking upon the dead bodies of their enemies in combat. There is a great feeling of pride, but it is followed by the feeling of sorrow for the dead combatants. The speakers feelings are that the Tyrannies of workforce are unnecessary truths of war.

Career Development Essay

In my profession as a look story counsellor I will take a holistic feeler to a nodes circumstances. It is authorized, I think, not only touch sensation at a knobs vocation path but also to testify a lymph glands manners as a whole. with this operation, I believe, a superior decision making process will take place.To carry out this aim I will use Parsons indication and factor (Chapter 2 Trait and Factor speculation, Applying rush growth system to Counselling, Richard Sharf 2006), Supers life-span (Chapter 8, Late Adolescent and Adult C areer Development, Applying Career Development Theory to Counselling, Richard Sharf 2006) and Kellys constructivist theories (Chapter 10, Constructvist and Narrative Approaches to Career Development, Applying Career Development Theory to Counselling, Richard Sharf 2006). I do chosen option wizard for my subject because this is the beginning of the counselling process.The initial contact with the client is important and sets the s pectre for the rest of the counselling process. The quality of the initial contact and information convention that comes from that is invaluable to the decision making process. I will identify assessment, hassle identification and formulation, and note and address setting from the phases outlined in option unmatched and discuss these from a counselling phase, practiti 1r beliefs, surmisal, and worksite perspectives. Assessment practitioner Beliefs In the assessment fix up the very foundation of the counselling function begins.Through using solid counselling readinesss much(prenominal) as making sizable eye contact, asking open ended questions, using continuation responses and expanding techniques I would begin to form a picture of the clients abilities, encourages, personality, and interests. This process would be enhanced by the introduction of testing into the formula. The holistic attempt I would advocate serves to go bad the clients needs as whole, not just career r elated needs, and also serves as a reminder that every client is unique and has developed an exclusive judgement of the world and his or her relation to it.The use of eclectic theories, drawing on elements from more than one possibleness, is paramount in attaining the best possible results for the client and also in maintaining the holistic tone-beginning. By using theories in compounding I would seek to minimize any weaknesses in any one of them. Trait and Factor Theory In the assessment phase I believe it is important to uncover where a clients career and life choices have taken them to date, what their current aspirations and desires are and, how they see the coming(prenominal) for themselves as a holistic endeavor.In Sharf p. 25, Applying Career Development Theory to Counselling, property and factor is said to be the assessment of characteristics of the person and the task. This theory is fundamental to Parsons trait and factor theory and represented the genesis of the ca reer development profession, although it was known as that at the time. Parsons developed a three story process he called vocational guidance in which he saw a one-on one process. This theory, I believe, underpins the whole process of career development theory and, therefore, career counselling.In a counselling situation the clients broad remnant is to seek a better life for his or herself, in uncover a clients traits and factors a platform is built on to which the rest of the counselling function relies. Life-span Theory Super, as quoted by Sharf on p. 203 of Applying Career Development Theory to Counselling, (life-span theory) makes use of two major concepts life usance and life stage. He espouses that important roles for an adult are, studying, working, community service, main office and family, and leisure activities.The importance of these roles to an individual is governed by a persons participation in the activity, commitment to the activity and how much the activity is v alued. In gauging the salience of these factors, at a given time in the clients history, we move discern his or her attitude to these factors at various stages of their lives. In counselling my emphasis would be on the attitude of the client at the present time and the projection of what it is likely to be in the future. Constructivist Theory On p. 63-264 of Sharf, Applying Career Development Theory to Counselling, Kelly is quoted as stating individuals careers are a major means of giving ones life role clarity and meaning. He also proposes that each individual creates a unique perspective of their world and from this develop values around not only work but life as a whole. If one is to supporter a client in achieving, the broad goal, of a better life then looking at life as a whole through their own unique perspective is imperative.Worksite At this stage of the process the client may or may not have a clear picture of what the worksite may look like. While his or her feel ings over this issue are important it is relevant to encounter that, in the topic where a client does have a picture of a workplace, it may change as the counselling process develops. It is also important to recognize that the client may meditate an ideas around this subject at any time during the counselling process. Problem Identification and Formulation practician BeliefsIn my view if the preceding steps are applied with skill and thoroughness any existing problems will become evident. Having identify these problems it is necessary to formulate strategies to overcome them. Problems that may arise are lack of education, incongruences in attitude toward family life and the work world and self esteem issues to name but a few. Specific strategies to solve these problems are beyond the scope of this piece of music and I will therefore confine myself to procedures to uncover them and the theories that can be applied in formulating solutions, not the solutions themselves.Theories H aving established the general traits of a client, i. e. abilities, values, personality, and interests, I would employ Supers life-span theory and Kellys constructivist theory to continue to build on the platform established by trait and factor approach. In depicting a clients values by initiate an exercises such as Supers life-career rainbow an image forms as to the salience of life roles. These are child, student, leisure, citizen, worker and homemaker. The rainbow pictorially shows which of these elements has been important to the client and when.In addition I would employ the procedures, outlined in Kellys constructivist theory, the vocational reptest, laddering techniques and vocational menu sets on a case by case basis. I have personal experience of a vocational card set when I completed the Personality Dimensions test at our topical anaesthetic career counselling establishment. I found it invaluable in delimitate twain my career objectives and revealing the kind of activi ties I should not consider undertaking.The question of formulating strategies for solving any inherent problems with a clients work/life roles I would engage in life space procedure as outlined on p. 1-73 from Life Space Exploration and Description by U. Beck in the course reading file. This interactive exercise serves as a brainstorming sessions and greatly assists the problem solving process. Worksite Having assessed the client fully and identified and solved any problems the client should be developing at to the lowest degree the genesis of an idea of what the worksite may look like. In order to slog this I would encourage the client to engage in several(prenominal) enquiry as to what may reasonable available to him or her.At this point I would suggest resources with labour market information such as www. orkingincanada. gc. ca, www. makingcareersense. org and www. workinfonet. bc. ca . I would strongly suggest that the client commit to having informational interviews with s tate in the fields of endeavor they are interested, congruently I would undertake some research of my own with a view to assisting the client. Goal Setting Practitioner Beliefs In order for a client to effectively follow a chosen career path it would be incumbent on me assist him or her in developing meaningful goals toward that end. It would be necessary to explore, with the client, the who what and where of their goal setting.I would assist the client in defining specific tasks, such as an informational interview, and outline with whom and when and follow up with the client to get feed-back on his or her experience. I would suggest to the client that building a meshing of people who are engaged in pursuits congruent with his own aspirations would be helpful. I have gleaned these values from my experiences with our local career counselling presidency and have found them very beneficial to my aspirations.Theory The career mapping strategy as previously outlined would also be of va lue in etting the goals necessary to achieve the change the client has been seeking through counselling process. The theory that informational interviews and networking can be of great assistance, although not in any book I have read, are practiced at our local career counselling organization and have met with success. Worksite In my role in assisting a client to achieve their goals and make the change he or she desired in seeking counselling, I would play a supportive role by following up, with interest, on a clients progress. I would reinforce the idea of networking since a large percentage of positions are never advertised. If a client is struggling to make the change he or she desires it may be efficacious to revisit one or both of the two previous phases.Conclusion I have assumed, in this paper that a client, seeking employment counselling, recognizes in him or herself the necessity for change. I see my role in the equation as one of exploration, guidance, and as source of information. In the exploration and guidance aspect of the relationship I would use an eclectic approach employing elements from different theories. I believe that this approach will lead to satisfying results for both the client and myself.

Corruption in Sudan Essay

Other cities like Omdurman curb 2. 1 million, Port Sudan nourish a total population of 450,000. Kassala, Kosti, Juba argon the capital of southern land. quite a little from the region are called Sudanese and 2009 in July Population was 41,087,825 2. 143%. in that respect are two ethnic groups namely Arab/Muslim, theses group of muckle live on the northerly part of the country and black African or Christian on south.There are withal two types of religion, Islam (official), indigenous beliefs (southern Sudan), Christianity. There are also many languages like Arabic which is official, English also official, tribal languages. Education in Sudan is compulsory for some years,8 Attendance(35%-40%). Literacy level is 61. 1. This countrys main natural resources include reserves of oil, gold, natural spoil copper, iron ore and other industrial metals. Sudan got its independence on January 1, 1956 and the type of organization they operate is the provisional government which was esta blished by the comprehensive quiet Agreement (CPA) and signed in January 2005.This offers power sharing as farthest as the national elections takes place. The national election took place starting from April, November 2010. Sudan became the largest debitor to the World Bank and IMF by 1993 this resulted to the suspension of their voting rights by IMF and withdrawals chthonic operative and fully expended loans and credit by the World Bank. It was also verbalise that extensive petroleum exploration began in mid1970s and might dole out all of Sudans economic and energy needs.This year jibe to martin Sudan may need as much as $1. 5billion of foreign upkeep a year and plans 2 slash government spending by a quarter as it reflexions budget difficulties due to its recent disperse into two countries, its finance pastor said and according to the finance minister were expecting 6 percent (economic growth) or a little much for 2012 There have been conflicts with the northern and so uthern part of Sudan that have killed 1. 5 million people and also driving many ethnic groups and people from their homes.Sudan had had several episodes of civil welfare since its independence, broke association and now tower with Egypt (this actually did not benefit them anything hardly further trouble). All regions of Sudan face problems, both the south and the north and corruption can be counted as ane of them. The southern part of Sudan has separated as an autonomous region in July 2011 even though it is a different state but it is still a actually poor nation with a very low human development. Media on the southern part of Sudan is very poor, budding and not well equipped.A journalist(s) does not have the right to broadcast, floor or give any news, information to Darfur (other part of Sudan) and if any journalist(s) violates that law, he/she/they would be severely punished and even be jailed. Today, many journalists are still in prison and only God knows when they might b e freed and which will be out. For example, in October 2010, a radio station Dabanga in Khartoum after a movement of arrests was shut down by the government and seven of its employees have been alleged of exposing state secretes, breaking the intact system, the punishment foe this crime is a death penalty.The civil state of war of 1991 in southern Sudan destroyed al most(prenominal) all southern checkup facilities except those that had been rebuilt to treat their people who have been wounded in Juba, Malakal and Waw, these triple hospitals are controlled by the government. The facilities were impracticable to use because of the scarcity of the most basic medical materials and a similar problem is faced in the northern Sudan, health care facilities had been considered helpless by the economic situation.Sudan does not have the hard currency to buy basic drugs, such as antibiotics and anti-malarial drugs, and the most important equipment, such as syringes. Private medical care in towns still functions but was also hindered by the scarcity of pharmaceuticals. In conclusion, I think after analyzing these situations in the area of banking, finance, media and medicine, the conflicts and political instability and so one, those should or are the main reason why Sudan is rated as one of the most corrupt countries in the world.